Detecting and mapping a CO2 plume with novel autonomous pH sensors on an underwater vehicle
Detecting and mapping a CO2 plume with novel autonomous pH sensors on an underwater vehicle
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103477
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sam Monk;A. Schaap;R. Hanz;S. Borisov;S. Loucaides;M. Arundell;S. Papadimitriou;J. Walk;Daisy Tong;J. Wyatt;M. Mowlem
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文献类型：
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作者：
Sam Monk;A. Schaap;R. Hanz;S. Borisov;S. Loucaides;M. Arundell;S. Papadimitriou;J. Walk;Daisy Tong;J. Wyatt;M. Mowlem
我们报告的第一个成功使用的化学传感器集成到水下航行器定位，地图和估计通量从受控的海底CO2释放，类似于从碳捕获和储存（CCS）水库泄漏。这对监测海上CCS站点的效率和成本具有全球影响，因此，在考虑和推出这一应对气候变化的工具时，公众和监管机构的信心也会受到影响。部署了一个装有三种不同pH传感器的遥控潜水器，以确定控制释放的空间范围。每个传感器上操作一个不同的原则（分光光度计，荧光和电化学）和每个传感器的优点和缺点进行了讨论。传感器数据表明，如先前的建模工作所预测的那样，羽流的证据仅限于海底3米以内。然后利用这些数据建立一个烟羽模型，以扩大数据的空间覆盖范围。这三个传感器的比较和模型提供的对羽流动力学的洞察将有助于规划未来的羽流调查，以确保传感器和飞行器组合可以解决感兴趣的羽流。
We report the first successful use of chemical sensors integrated on to an underwater vehicle to locate, map and estimate flux from a controlled sub-seabed CO2release, analogous to a leak from a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) reservoir. This has global implications for the efficacy and cost of monitoring of offshore CCS sites and hence public and regulatory confidence as this tool for addressing climate change is considered and rolled out. A remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with three different pH sensors was deployed to determine the spatial extent of the controlled release. The sensors each operated on a different principle (spectrophotometric, fluorescence, and electrochemical) and the strengths and weaknesses of each sensor are discussed. The sensor data demonstrated that evidence of the plume was limited to within 3 m of the seafloor, as predicted by previous modelling work. The data were then utilised to develop a model of the plume, to extend the spatial coverage of the data. This comparison of the three sensors and the insight into plume dynamics provided by the model would assist in the planning of future plume surveys to ensure the sensor and vehicle combination can resolve the plume of interest.