Environmental Upgrading and Downgrading in Global Value Chains: A Framework for Analysis
Environmental Upgrading and Downgrading in Global Value Chains: A Framework for Analysis
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DOI：
10.1080/00130095.2022.2100340
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发表时间：
2022-08-13
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Ponte, Stefano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krishnan, Aarti;De Marchi, Valentina;Ponte, Stefano
全球价值链（GVC）和全球生产网络（GPN）文献的一个关键问题是，行为体，特别是全球南方的行为体，是否以及如何通过创造和获取更多价值来升级。迄今为止，这类研究主要集中在升级的经济和社会方面。在这篇文章中，我们利用经济地理学的一些见解来推进我们对全球价值链和全球PN升级和降级的环境层面的理解。我们开发了一个分析框架，从价值创造和分配方面区分环境升级过程与由此产生的结果（生物物理表现、对市场准入的影响和声誉）。此外，该框架是从多个行为者的升级角度考虑的，而不是只关注龙头企业和其他强大的行为者。我们说明了如何应用这个框架，通过案例研究的肯尼亚，英国园艺价值链。我们发现，尽管摄取的环境升级的做法，所需的英国超市和肯尼亚出口公司与政府机构的便利传输，肯尼亚农民大多经历了环境降级，一些负面影响也影响到农民和其他资源用户以外的价值链。
A key concern of the global value chain (GVC) and global production network (GPN) literature relates to whether and how actors, especially in the Global South, upgrade by generating and capturing more value. To date, such research has predominantly focused on the economic and social aspects of upgrading. In this article, we leverage selected insights from economic geography to advance our understanding of the environmental dimensions of upgrading and downgrading in GVCs and GPNs. We develop an analytical framework that distinguishes the processes of environmental upgrading, in terms of value creation and appropriation, from the resultant outcomes (biophysical manifestations, impacts on market access, and reputation). Furthermore, the framework is considered from the upgrading perspectives of multiple actors instead of focusing only on lead firms and other powerful actors. We illustrate how to apply this framework through a case study of the Kenya-UK horticulture value chains. We show that despite the uptake of environmental upgrading practices, as required by UK supermarkets and transmitted by Kenyan export firms with the facilitation of government agencies, Kenyan farmers have mostly experienced environmental downgrading, with some negative effects also affecting farmers and other resource users beyond the value chain.