VOLUNTARY FACIAL ACTION GENERATES EMOTION-SPECIFIC AUTONOMIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM ACTIVITY
VOLUNTARY FACIAL ACTION GENERATES EMOTION-SPECIFIC AUTONOMIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM ACTIVITY
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb02330.x
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发表时间：
1990-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
FRIESEN, WV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LEVENSON, RW;EKMAN, P;FRIESEN, WV
研究人员进行了四个实验，以确定自愿产生的情绪面部形态是否与自主神经活动的不同模式有关，如果是的话，这可能是如何介导的。受试者接受每块肌肉的指令和训练，做出愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、快乐、悲伤和惊讶的面部表情，同时监测心率、皮肤电导、手指温度和身体活动。结果表明，自愿面部活动产生了显著水平的相关情绪的主观体验，以及情绪之间的自主区分：(a)在消极情绪和积极情绪之间以及消极情绪之间都存在，(b)在群体和个体受试者数据之间是一致的，(c)在男性和女性受试者中都存在，(d)在专业人群（演员、科学家）和非专业人群中都存在，(e)在自愿面部配置最接近实际情绪表达时更强，(f)在报告相关情绪时更强。自愿面部活动产生情绪特异性自主活动的能力：(a)不需要受试者看到面部表情（无论是在镜子里还是在实验者的脸上），(b)不能用做出表情的难度差异或伴随的身体活动的差异来解释。
Four experiments were conducted to determine whether voluntarily produced emotional facial configurations are associated with differentiated patterns of autonomic activity, and if so, how this might be mediated. Subjects received muscle-by-muscle instructions and coaching to produce facial configurations for anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise while heart rate, skin conductance, finger temperature, and somatic activity were monitored. Results indicated that voluntary facial activity produced significant levels of subjective experience of the associated emotion, and that autonomic distinctions among emotions: (a) were found both between negative and positive emotions and among negative emotions, (b) were consistent between group and individual subjects'' data, (c) were found in both male and female subjects, (d) were found in both specialized (actors, scientists) and nonspecialized populations, (e) were stronger when the voluntary facial configurations most closely resembled actual emotional expressions, and (f) were stronger when experience of the associated emotion was reported. The capacity of voluntary facial activity to generate emotion-specific autonomic activity: (a) did not require subjects to see facial expressions (either in a mirror or on an experimenter''s face), and (b) could not be explained by differences in the difficulty of making the expressions or by differences in concomitant somatic activity.