Early life conditions and cognitive functioning in later life
Early life conditions and cognitive functioning in later life
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwg263
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Evans, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Everson-Rose, SA;de Leon, CFM;Evans, DA
早期生活状况与儿童期的认知发展和能力以及成年期的认知功能有关。然而，早期生活条件和老年认知变化之间的联系尚不清楚。作者研究了来自伊利诺伊州芝加哥的4,398名65岁或65岁以上的社区居民（62.1%为女性; 61.7%为黑人）的人口样本中的社会经济地位（SEP）与儿童期认知环境和认知功能变化之间的关系。1993-1997年收集了基线数据。认知功能的变化是通过一个全球认知指数来评估的，该指数来自于1993年至2003年期间在三次家庭评估中进行的记忆、感知速度和整体认知功能的测量，平均随访时间为5.3年。在控制了年龄、性别、种族和教育的结果后，时间与儿童SEP（β =-0.003，t =-1.0，p = 0.32）和儿童认知环境（P =-0.0008，t =-0.5，p = 0.62）的相互作用不显著，表明早期生活条件与认知变化无关。SEP（β = 0.034，t= 2.4，p = 0.01）和认知环境（β = 0.017，t= 2.2，p = 0.03）与认知功能的绝对水平相关，更好的表现与更高的SEP和更好的认知环境相关。儿童时期更好的SEP和更刺激的认知环境对认知功能的绝对水平有很小但显著的影响;然而，它们似乎不能防止老年认知能力下降。
Early life conditions are related to cognitive development and abilities in childhood and cognitive function in adulthood. However, the association between early life conditions and cognitive change in old age is unknown. The authors examined the relation between socioeconomic position (SEP) and cognitive milieu in childhood and change in cognitive function in a population-based sample of 4,398 community-dwelling adults (62.1% female; 61.7% Black) aged 65 years or older from Chicago, Illinois. Baseline data were collected in 1993-1997. Change in cognitive function was assessed by means of a global cognitive index derived from measures of memory, perceptual speed, and overall cognitive function administered at three in-home assessments between 1993 and 2003, with an average of 5.3 years of follow-up. After results were controlled for age, sex, race, and education, interactions of time with childhood SEP (beta = -0.003, t = -1.0, p = 0.32) and childhood cognitive milieu (P = -0.0008, t = -0.5, p = 0.62) were nonsignificant, indicating that early life conditions were not related to cognitive change. SEP (beta = 0.034, t= 2.4, p = 0.01) and cognitive milieu (beta = 0.017, t= 2.2, p = 0.03) were associated with absolute level of cognitive function, with better performance being related to higher SEP and a better cognitive milieu. A better SEP and a more stimulating cognitive milieu in childhood have small but significant effects on absolute level of cognitive function; however, they do not seem to protect against cognitive decline in old age.