FORCE-FEEDING BLACK HOLES
FORCE-FEEDING BLACK HOLES
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强迫黑洞
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Begelman
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Begelman
我们认为超大质量黑洞的增长主要与短暂的高度超爱丁顿气体流入（“超吸积”）有关。这种气体不会被实时吞噬，而是在黑洞周围形成一个物质包层，可以在更长的时间尺度内逐渐被吞噬。然而，任何时候只能将黑洞质量的一小部分存储在包络中。我们认为，任何高于空洞质量百分之几的落入物质都会由于温度低于几千开尔文时不透明度急剧下降而被喷射出来，这与林轨迹相对应。与主星系核心的速度色散 σ 相比，该物质的喷射速度决定了喷射的物质是永远消失还是最终返回以重新加入包层，并最终从中吸积。物质回收和永久损失之间的阈值定义了最大黑洞质量和 σ 之间的关系，类似于经验的“MBH-σ”关系。
We propose that the growth of supermassive black holes is associated mainly with brief episodes of highly super-Eddington infall of gas (“hyperaccretion”). This gas is not swallowed in real time, but forms an envelope of matter around the black hole that can be swallowed gradually, over a much longer timescale. However, only a small fraction of the black hole mass can be stored in the envelope at any one time. We argue that any infalling matter above a few percent of the hole's mass is ejected as a result of the plunge in opacity at temperatures below a few thousand degrees kelvin, corresponding to the Hayashi track. The speed of ejection of this matter, compared to the velocity dispersion σ of the host galaxy's core, determines whether the ejected matter is lost forever or returns eventually to rejoin the envelope, from which it can be ultimately accreted. The threshold between matter recycling and permanent loss defines a relationship between the maximum black hole mass and σ that resembles the empirical MBH–σ relation.