Individual differences in learning behaviours in humans: Asocial exploration tendency does not predict reliance on social learning.
Individual differences in learning behaviours in humans: Asocial exploration tendency does not predict reliance on social learning.
复制标题
人类学习行为的个体差异：非社会探索倾向并不能预测对社会学习的依赖。
DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.11.001
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Yoshimatsu Saito & Tatsuya Kameda.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wataru Toyokawa;Yoshimatsu Saito & Tatsuya Kameda.
大量的实证研究表明，动物的反社会探索倾向的个体差异可能与社会信息使用有关。然而，由于“探索倾向”在大多数以前的研究中已经测量，而不考虑信息收集过程，这是很难得出结论，动物的反社会探索策略可能与社会信息的使用。在这里，我们研究了人类的学习行为在社会和社会两个武装土匪任务。通过拟合包括反社会和/或社会决策过程的强化学习模型，我们测量了每个人的（1）反社会探索倾向和（2）社会信息使用。我们发现，一致的个体差异的探索倾向，在反社会任务。我们还发现在社会任务中采用的学习策略存在实质性的异质性：近三分之一的参与者主要使用不确定时的复制策略，而其余三分之二的参与者最有可能只依赖于非社会学习。然而，我们没有发现显着的个体之间的关联的探索频率在社会任务和社会信息的使用在社会任务。我们的研究结果表明，社会学习策略可能是独立于人类的反社会探索策略。
A number of empirical studies have suggested that individual differences in asocial exploration tendencies in animals may be related to those in social information use. However, because the ‘exploration tendency’ in most previous studies has been measured without considering the information-gathering processes, it is yet hard to conclude that the animal asocial exploration strategies may be tied to social information use. Here, we studied human learning behaviour in both asocial and social two-armed bandit tasks. By fitting reinforcement learning models including asocial and/or social decision processes, we measured each individual's (1) asocial exploration tendency and (2) social information use. We found consistent individual differences in the exploration tendency in the asocial tasks. We also found substantive heterogeneity in the adopted learning strategies in the social task: Nearly one-third of participants used predominantly the copy-when-uncertain strategy, while the remaining two-thirds were most likely to have relied only on asocial learning. However, we found no significant individual association between the exploration frequency in the asocial task and the use of the social information in the social task. Our results suggest that the social learning strategies may be independent from the asocial exploration strategies in humans.