Complete permanent mandibular dentition of early Homo from the upper Burgi Member of the Koobi Fora Formation, Ileret, Kenya
Complete permanent mandibular dentition of early Homo from the upper Burgi Member of the Koobi Fora Formation, Ileret, Kenya
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.017
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Leakey, Louise N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grine, Frederick E.;Leakey, Meave G.;Leakey, Louise N.
KNM-ER 64060牙列的时代很可能在2.02年至2.03年之间。最近的一系列后颅骨(命名为KNM-ER 64061)来自同一粉砂岩单位，可能与牙列有关，但它们在遗址表面的分离留下了一些怀疑的空间。KNM-ER 64060是来自东非早更新世的不到10个包括完整或几乎完整的下颌牙列的古人类标本之一。它的分类归属具有潜在的重要意义，特别是如果后颅骨成分相关的话。至少有三种，可能还有四种原始人，包括博伊西拟人猿和直立人，大约在这个时候在东非已知。其他准同时代化石被认为是单一的、高度可变的物种能人，或两个分类群，即能人和鲁道夫人。尽管证据的份量支持这些标本归属于两个物种，但在个别化石的归属上明显缺乏一致意见。我们采取保守的方法，将所有这样的标本归类为“早期人属种”。以作比较。KNM-ER 64060显然可归因于人而不是类人猿。证据的优势表明，KNM-ER 64060的亲缘关系与早期人属SP的化石有关。类别，而不是直立人。这从KNM-ER 64060犬冠、前磨牙和磨牙冠的总尺寸、P-3和P-4的大小关系、其前磨牙冠的相对狭窄、141的尖牙比例，特别是M-2和M-3的牙尖比例，以及似乎拥有两个根部的P-4来表明。其中一些比较进一步表明，在组成早期人属sp.的化石中。在样本中，KNM-ER 64060牙列与代表严格意义上的能人的OH7和OH16等标本显示出更大的总体相似性。(C)2019爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The KNM-ER 64060 dentition derives from a horizon that most likely dates to between 2.02 and 2.03 Ma. A proximate series of postcranial bones (designated KNM-ER 64061) derives from the same siltstone unit and may be associated with the dentition, but their separation on the surface of the site leaves some room for doubt. KNM-ER 64060 is one of fewer than ten hominin specimens from the Early Pleistocene of East Africa that comprises a full or nearly complete mandibular dentition. Its taxonomic attribution is potentially significant, especially if the postcranial elements are related. At least three, and probably four hominin species, including Paranthropus boisei and Homo erectus (=H. ergaster), are known at about this time in East Africa. Other penecontemporaneous fossils have been referred to a single, highly variable species, H. habilis, or two taxa, namely H. habilis and H. rudolfensis. Although the weight of evidence supports the attribution of these specimens to two species, there is notable lack of agreement over the assignation of individual fossils. We take a conservative approach and group all such specimens under the designation "early Homo sp." for comparative purposes. KNM-ER 64060 is clearly attributable to Homo rather than Paranthropus. The preponderance of the evidence suggests that the affinities of KNM-ER 64060 are with fossils assigned to the early Homo sp. category rather than with H. erectus. This is indicated by the overall sizes of the KNM-ER 64060 canine, premolar and molar crowns, the size relationships of the P-3 to P-4, the relative narrowness of its premolar crowns, the cusp proportions of the 1 41 and especially those of the M-2 and M-3, and seemingly the possession of a two rooted P-4. Some of these comparisons suggest further that among the fossils comprising the early Homo sp. sample, the KNM-ER 64060 dentition exhibits greater overall similarity to specimens such as OH 7 and OH 16 that represent Homo habilis sensu stricto. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.