Biodiversity variability across elevations in the Carpathians: Parallel change with landscape openness and land use
Biodiversity variability across elevations in the Carpathians: Parallel change with landscape openness and land use
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DOI：
10.1177/0959683612474482
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Persoiu, Ioana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feurdean, Angelica;Parr, Catherine L.;Persoiu, Ioana
要了解当代和可能的未来生物多样性，就需要了解过去人类社会是如何形成多样性模式的。本文利用喀尔巴阡山脉（罗马尼亚）从低地到亚高山环境的长期花粉数据集，探索全新世以来景观开放程度、人为干扰、海拔和植被丰富度之间的关系。研究发现，景观开放度是花粉丰富度的重要驱动因素：中海拔（440-750 m）和高海拔（1550-1850 m）开放度越高的样地花粉多样性平均高于海拔（1050-1360 m）的林地样地。我们的研究结果首次显示了全新世花粉丰富度在海拔梯度上保持不变。尽管仅在过去3000 cal. yr BP中才有意义，但随着人类影响的更强证据的出现，这些海拔格局变得更加突出。我们还发现了多样性变化与史前社会主要土地利用策略之间的紧密联系，表明花粉丰富度可以作为描述人类干扰对多样性的生态影响的工具。在罗马时期（距今2000万年）和最近的500万年，植物区系丰富度增强的最明显时期是明显的。最近的人为活动主要通过人工林对山区的多样性产生负面影响；然而，农业景观中遗址的缺乏限制了我们对这类环境的推断。生境多样性的维持是维持高水平多样性的关键。虽然在类似气候和植被背景的记录中，多样性格局具有时间一致性，但对不同植被组合和景观开放水平的多样性比较应谨慎解释。
An understanding of contemporary and likely future biodiversity requires knowledge of how past human societies have shaped diversity patterns. Here, we use long-term pollen data sets extending from lowlands to subalpine environment in the Carpathian region (Romania) with the aim of exploring the relationship between landscape openness, anthropogenic disturbance, elevation and vegetation richness over the Holocene. We found that landscape openness represents a significant driver of pollen richness: The more open sites from mid (440-750 m) and high elevations (1550-1850 m) showed on average greater diversity than more forested upland sites (1050-1360 m). For the first time, our results show pollen richness patterns along elevation gradients that remain constant over the Holocene. Although significant only over the last 3000 cal. yr BP, these elevational patterns become accentuated with stronger evidence of anthropogenic impact. We also found a strong link between diversity change and major land use strategies of prehistoric societies, demonstrating the potential of pollen richness to be used as a tool to depict the ecological impact of human disturbance on diversity. Most distinct episodes of enhanced floristic richness are evident during the Roman Period (2000 cal. yr BP), and over the last 500 cal. yr BP. Recent anthropogenic activity negatively impacted diversity in mountainous areas mainly through plantations; the lack of sites in agriculture landscapes however limits our inference for this type of setting. The maintenance of habitat diversity is key to maintaining high levels of diversity. While there is temporal consistency in the diversity pattern in records from similar climate and vegetation settings, comparison of diversity from different vegetation assemblages and levels landscapes openness should be interpreted cautiously.