The Deconfinement Transition of QCD: Theory Meets Experiment
The Deconfinement Transition of QCD: Theory Meets Experiment
复制标题
QCD 的解禁转变：理论与实验的结合
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-67235-5
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rene Bellwied
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Claudia Ratti;Rene Bellwied
在过去的十年中，实验和理论在加深对强相互作用物理学的理解方面都取得了长足的进步。相对论重离子对撞机和大型强子对撞机的并行程序，与美国和欧洲的新型超级计算设施相结合，使我们不仅能够基于精确的连续外推晶格 QCD 计算进行理论预测，而且还能够对其中许多预测进行实验验证。因此，极端条件下核物质相图的景观已成为人们关注的焦点，通过本出版物，我们试图捕捉大爆炸后不久获得物质早期演化终极知识的最新进展。本书基于我们在休斯敦大学物理系教授的研究生强相互作用物理课程，以及我们在暑期学校为高级博士生和博士后以及博士培训项目提供的一系列讲座。基于上述理论和实验的最新进展，这是一个非常动态的学科，在最新结果的驱动下不断发展。因此，我们试图捕捉新见解的本质，同时又不失去长期以来建立的量子色动力学基础。由于量子色动力学无法在有限重子密度下求解，因此强相互作用物质的相图仍未得到充分探索。重点是基于第一原理基础理论和实验观察之间的相互作用，描述非微扰状态下强相互作用物质的特征。我们介绍了该领域的最新技术，并讨论了主要的开放性问题和当前解决这些问题的方法。我们强调，鉴于问题的复杂性，基础理论、现象学和实验之间的协同至关重要。本书就是本着这种精神编写的，因为它报告了研究相图不同区域的几种互补方法。在实验方面，基于加速器的实验正在得到更高密度和更低温度系统的天体物理结果的补充。在这方面，引力波测量和中子星测量打开了一个新的机会之窗，将未来的有限密度结果与新的理论见解联系起来，这些理论见解基于不断改进的基础动力学外推方法。
Over the past decade, both experiment and theory have made great strides in conjuring a deeper understanding of the physics of strong interactions. The parallel programs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, in concert with the new supercomputing facilities in the USA and Europe, have enabled us to develop not only theoretical predictions based on accurate, continuum extrapolated lattice QCD calculations, but also to obtain experimental verifications to many of these predictions. The landscape of the phase diagram of nuclear matter under extreme conditions has thus come into full focus, and with this publication, we are trying to capture the latest developments on gaining the ultimate knowledge of the early evolution of matter shortly after the big bang. This book is based on a graduate Physics of strong interactions course that we teach in the Physics Department at the University of Houston and on a series of lectures that we have delivered at summer schools for advanced Ph. D. students and postdocs and at doctoral training programs. Based on the aforementioned recent developments in theory and experiment, this is a very dynamic subject which continuously evolves, driven by the latest results. We therefore tried to capture the essence of new insights without losing track of the long established foundation of quantum chromodynamics.The phase diagram of strongly interacting matter is still vastly unexplored, due to the fact that quantum chromodynamics cannot be solved at finite baryonic density. The focus is on the characterization of strongly interacting matter in the non-perturbative regime, based on the interplay between first principle fundamental theory and experimental observations. We present the state of the art in the field and discuss the main open questions and current methods to approach them. We stress that given the complexity of the problem, a synergy between fundamental theory, phenomenology, and experiment is crucial. This book is written in this spirit, as it reports on several complementary approaches to study different regions of the phase diagram. On the experimental side, the accelerator-based experiments are being complemented by astrophysical results of systems at higher density and lower temperature. In this regard, gravitational wave measurements and neutron star measurements have opened a new window of opportunity to link future finite density results to new theoretical insights, which are based on ever improving extrapolation methods of the underlying dynamics.