Assessing climate change vulnerability in Alaska's fishing communities
Assessing climate change vulnerability in Alaska's fishing communities
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评估阿拉斯加渔业社区的气候变化脆弱性
DOI：
10.1016/j.fishres.2014.09.010
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
S. Kasperski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Himes‐Cornell;S. Kasperski
阿拉斯加的社区正在经历前所未有的与气候有关的自然资源收获变化的影响。阿拉斯加农村的居民报告说，海洋资源的地理分布和丰富程度发生了前所未有的变化，白令海风暴潮的频率和凶猛程度增加，海冰的分布和厚度发生了变化，河流和海岸侵蚀加剧。当与正在进行的社会经济变化相结合时，气候，天气和生物物理系统的变化在一个复杂的反馈和相互作用网络中相互作用，使阿拉斯加农村的生活充满挑战。我们提出了一个指标框架来评估社区脆弱性的三个基本组成部分：暴露于气候变化的生物物理影响，对将受气候变化影响的资源的依赖，以及社区抵消气候变化负面影响的适应能力。我们对阿拉斯加315个社区进行了三个主成分分析，每个脆弱性组成部分一个主成分分析，以评估每个社区对气候变化的总体脆弱性。这项研究可用于使社区了解其社区易受气候变化影响的方式，并帮助制定适应战略。虽然这项研究的重点是阿拉斯加社区，但该框架很容易适应其他具有不同风险因素和对气候变化敏感性的地区。
Alaska's communities are experiencing impacts from unprecedented climate-related changes in the harvests of natural resources. Residents of rural Alaska are reporting heretofore unseen changes in the geographic distribution and abundance of marine resources, increases in the frequency and ferocity of storm surges in the Bering Sea, changes in the distribution and thickness of sea ice, and increases in river and coastal erosion. When combined with ongoing socio-economic change, climate, weather, and changes in the biophysical system interact in a complex web of feedbacks and interactions that make life in rural Alaska challenging.We present a framework of indicators to assess three basic constituents of community vulnerability: exposure to the bio-physical effects of climate change, dependence on resources that will be affected by climate change, and a community's adaptive capacity to offset negative impacts of climate change. We conduct three principal components analyses, one for each vulnerability constituent, for 315 Alaska communities to assess each community's overall vulnerability to climate change. This research can be used to inform communities about the ways in which their communities are vulnerable to climate change and help develop adaptation strategies. While this study focuses on Alaska communities, the framework is easily adaptable to other regions with different risk factors and sensitivities to climate change.