Effect of Aphid Predators on Oviposition Behavior of Aphid Parasitoids
Effect of Aphid Predators on Oviposition Behavior of Aphid Parasitoids
复制标题
蚜虫天敌对寄生蚜虫产卵行为的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
H. Godfray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Taylor;C. Müller;H. Godfray
大多数食草动物和许多其他昆虫都受到拟寄生物和捕食者的攻击。因此，这两个天敌行会的成员争夺资源（Rosenheim et al., 1995）。然而，竞争通常是不对称的，因为被寄生蜂攻击的昆虫通常与未被寄生的宿主一样容易被捕食（例如，Lawton和Hassell， 1981）。在这种情况下，我们可能会期望拟寄生物进化以避开捕食者存在的地区。蚜虫受到大量寄生蜂和捕食者的攻击（Dixon, 1985; Minks and Harrewijg, 1988）。初级蚜虫寄生性发展，在其宿主的木乃伊遗骸内化蛹。诸如瓢虫科（Coccinellidae）的捕食者似乎无法区分有或没有寄生幼虫的蚜虫（Hagen and van den Bosch, 1968），而且经常吞食干尸蚜虫。研究了拟寄生蜂蚜蚜科蚜蚜科蚜蚜对豌豆蚜（蚜科大蚜蚜科）的产卵行为。我们预测，在主要捕食者七星瓢虫（Coccinella七星瓢虫）存在的斑块或最近有捕食者痕迹的斑块中，拟寄生虫不太愿意攻击蚜虫。方法
Most herbivores and many other insects are subject to attack by both parasitoids and predators. Members of these two guilds of natural enemies thus compete for resources (Rosenheim et al., 1995). However, competition is usually asymmetric because insects attacked by parasitoids are often as vulnerable to predation as unparasitized hosts (e.g., Lawton and Hassell, 1981). In such cases, we might expect parasitoids to evolve to avoid areas where predators are present. Aphids are attacked by large guilds of parasitoids and predators (Dixon, 1985: Minks and Harrewijg, 1988). Primary aphid parasitoids develop endoparasitically, pupating within the mummified remains of their host. Predators such as Coccinellidae appear not to distinguish between aphids with or without parasitoid larvae (Hagen and van den Bosch, 1968) and frequently consume mummified aphids. We studied the oviposition behavior of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Braconidae, Aphidiinae) attacking the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (aphididae, Macrosiphoninae). We predicted that the parasitoid would be less willing to attack aphids in patches where a major predator, the coccinellid Coccinella septempunctata, was present or in patches which contained recent traces of predators. METHODS