Energetic and life-history patterns of deep-sea benthic, benthopelagic and seamount-associated fish
Energetic and life-history patterns of deep-sea benthic, benthopelagic and seamount-associated fish
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深海底栖、底栖和海山相关鱼类的能量和生活史模式
DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb06067.x
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
J. Koslow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Koslow
对深海底层鱼类的能源使用和生活史的回顾表明，有两个主要的群体或行会；一类散居在海底，另一类与海山等地形特征有关。分散的深海鱼类通常有一个专为缓慢巡航或“静坐等待”捕食而设计的身体规划，其特点是能量储存和代谢率非常低。按身体大小衡量，这些鱼的新陈代谢与深海鱼类相当。另一方面，聚集性深水物种的特点是形态健壮，在水流强烈多变的环境中维持自身的移动能力很强。它们的肉蛋白质和脂肪含量很高，但水分含量很低。聚集性深水鱼种橘子鱼的代谢率显著高于分散的深水鱼类，与大陆架底层鱼种黑线鳕相当。然而，尽管橙鳞鱼的估计比例高于分散的底层深水物种，但由于其较高的代谢成本，其生长速度与之相当，其生长效率远低于后者。大型深水散布鱼种的特点是成熟较晚，繁殖期较长，但这些特征不如深海海山相关鱼种明显，后者的寿命可能超过100年。
A review of energy use and the life histories of deep-water demersal fishes suggests that there are two primary groups or guilds; those that live dispersed over the sea floor and those that aggregate in association with topographic features like seamounts. Dispersed deep-sea fishes typically have a body plan designed for slow cruising or ‘sit and wait’ predation, and are characterized by very low energy stores and metabolic rates. Scaled for body size, the metabolism of these fishes was comparable to that of bathypelagic fishes. On the other hand, aggregatory deep-water species are characterized by robust morphology and strong locomotory ability to maintain themselves in environments characterized by strong, variable currents. Their flesh has high protein and lipid but low water content. The metabolic rate of orange roughy, an aggregating deep-water species, was substantially higher than that of dispersed deep-water fishes and was comparable to that of haddock, a shelf demersal species. However, although the estimated ration of orange roughy was higher than that of dispersed demersal deep-water species, its growth rate was comparable and its growth efficiency was far lower due to its high metabolic costs. Large deep-water dispersed fish species are characterized by late maturity and an extended reproductive period, but these characteristics are less pronounced than in deep seamount-associated species, which may live in excess of 100 years.