DISTRIBUTIONAL STRUCTURE
DISTRIBUTIONAL STRUCTURE
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DOI：
10.1080/00437956.1954.11659520
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发表时间：
1954-08-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Harris, Zellig S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harris, Zellig S.
1.语言有分布结构吗？为了本讨论的目的，术语结构将在以下非严格意义上使用：一组音素或一组数据相对于某些特征被结构化，在某种程度上，我们可以根据该特征形成描述该集合的成员及其相互关系的某种有组织的陈述系统(至少达到某种复杂性的限制)。从这个意义上说，语言可以根据各种独立的特征来构建。它的结构是否(超过微不足道的程度)涉及到，比如说，常规的历史变化、社会交往、意义或分配--或者它在这些方面的结构在什么程度上--是一个可以通过调查确定的问题。在这里，我们将讨论如何根据分布结构来描述每种语言，即根据部件(最终发音)相对于其他部件的出现情况，以及如何在不干扰历史或意义等其他特征的情况下完成这种描述。不用说，对语言的其他研究--历史学、心理学等--也是可能的，既与分布结构有关，也与分布结构无关。一个元素的分布将被理解为其所有环境的总和。A元素的环境是它的共现存在的数组，即其他元素，每个元素都在特定的位置，A与这些元素一起出现以产生话语。A在特定位置的共现称为它对该位置的选择。
1. Does language have a distributional structure? For the purposes of the present discussion, the term structure will be used in the following non-rigorous sense: A set of phonemes or a set of data is structured in respect to some feature, to the extent that we can form in terms of that feature some organized system of statements which describes the members of the set and their interrelations (at least up to some limit of complexity). In this sense, language can be structured in respect to various independent features. And whether it is structured (to more than a trivial extent) in respect'to, say, regular historical change, social intercourse, meaning, or distribution-or to what extent it is structured in any of these respects-is a matter decidable by investigation. Here we will discuss how each language can be described in terms of a distributional structure, ie in terms of the occurrence of parts (ultimately sounds) relative to other parts, and how this description is complete without intrusion of other features such as his-tory or meaning. It goes without saying that other studies of language-historical, psychological, etc.-are also possible, both in relation to distributional structure and independently of it.The distribution of an element will be understood as the sum of all its environments. An environment of an element A is an existing array of its co-occurrents, ie the other elements, each in a particular position, with which A occurs to yield an utterance. A's co-occurrents in a particular position are called its selection for that position.