Yellow fever in Africa and the Americas: a historical and epidemiological perspective
Yellow fever in Africa and the Americas: a historical and epidemiological perspective
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DOI：
10.1186/s40409-018-0162-y
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Chippaux, Alain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chippaux, Jean-Philippe;Chippaux, Alain
在15世纪和16世纪的奴隶贸易期间，黄热病从非洲传播到美洲，在那里，病毒遇到了有利的生态条件，从而形成了可持续的森林循环。尽管近一个世纪以来进行了有效的病媒控制和免疫规划，但黄热病疫情在许多拉丁美洲国家重新出现，尤其是巴西。病媒传播疾病的出现或重新出现包含许多复杂的因素。如果至少满足三个条件，就会发生黄热病暴发：病毒进入无免疫力的人类社区，存在有能力的和亲人的病媒，以及对日益扩大的疫情预防和/或管理不足。另一方面，有两种武器可用于限制黄热病：媒介控制和免疫接种。相比之下，尽管存在病媒和人群对该病毒的易感性，但亚洲及太平洋地区没有出现黄热病。在回顾黄热病的全球历史及其流行病学的基础上，作者提出了一些改进流行病预防的建议。
Yellow fever was transported during the slave trade in the 15th and 16th centuries from Africa to the Americas where the virus encountered favorable ecological conditions that allowed creation of a sustainable sylvatic cycle. Despite effective vector control and immunization programs for nearly a century, yellow fever epidemics reemerged in many Latin American countries, particularly Brazil. The emergence or reemergence of vector-borne diseases encompasses many intricate factors. Yellow fever outbreaks occur if at least three conditions are fulfilled: the introduction of the virus into a non-immune human community, presence of competent and anthropophilic vectors and insufficiency of prevention and/or adequate management of the growing outbreak. On the other hand, two weapons are available to constrain yellow fever: vector control and immunization. In contrast, yellow fever is absent from Asia and the Pacific despite the presence of the vector and the susceptibility of human populations to the virus. Based on a review of the global history of yellow fever and its epidemiology, the authors deliver some recommendations for improving the prevention of epidemics.