Hazard anticipation of novice and experienced drivers - Empirical evaluation on a driving simulator in daytime and nighttime conditions
Hazard anticipation of novice and experienced drivers - Empirical evaluation on a driving simulator in daytime and nighttime conditions
复制标题
DOI：
10.3141/2009-01
复制
发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Pollatsek, Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garay-Vega, Lisandra;Fisher, Donald L.;Pollatsek, Alexander
实地和实验室研究的大量证据表明，新手和有经验的司机之间的一个主要区别是他们对眼前世界的扫描程度。一个指标是有经验的司机比新手司机做更多的水平眼球运动。此外，驾驶模拟器中新手和经验丰富的驾驶员之间的眼球运动差异不仅仅是一种全局行为模式，因为经验丰富的驾驶员更有可能检查视觉显示器的特定区域，这些区域可能包含潜在的危险或潜在危险情况即将到来的信号。使用的白天模拟器场景有几个暗示潜在风险的线索。目前的研究探讨了是否有经验的司机的这种优势将（a）在夜间条件下，当线索将是不太突出，（B）小，如果一些风险预示着与显着的线索。数据表明，这两种变化都没有减少经验丰富的驾驶员的优势，即使两组的绝对性能水平都发生了变化（即，在夜间条件下减少并通过预示线索增强）。因此，似乎有经验的司机的专门知识，诱导他们注意到可能出现潜在风险的领域，适用于相当广泛的情况。这一发现表明，通过培训在年轻司机中引入这种专业知识可能会对撞车率产生重大影响。
Considerable evidence from field and laboratory studies now indicates that a major difference between novice and experienced drivers is the extent to which they scan the world in front of them. One index is that experienced drivers make more horizontal eye movements than do novice drivers. In addition, the difference in eye movements between novice and experienced drivers in a driving simulator is not just a global pattern of behavior, since experienced drivers are more likely to examine specific areas of the visual display that could either contain a potential hazard or signal that a potentially hazardous situation is coming. The daytime simulator scenarios used had several cues that signaled potential risk. The present studies examined whether this advantage for experienced drivers would be (a) smaller in nighttime conditions when the cues would be much less salient and (b) smaller if some risks were foreshadowed with salient cues. The data indicated that neither change reduced the advantage for experienced drivers, even though the absolute level of performance changed for both groups (i.e., reduced in nighttime conditions and enhanced by foreshadowing cues). Thus, it appears that the expertise of experienced drivers that induces them to attend to areas where potential risks could appear is applied in a fairly wide range of situations. This finding suggests that inducing this expertise in younger drivers through training may have a significant effect on crash rates.