'Killing a mosquito with a hammer': Al-Shabaab violence and state security responses in Kenya
'Killing a mosquito with a hammer': Al-Shabaab violence and state security responses in Kenya
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“用锤子杀死蚊子”：青年党在肯尼亚的暴力行为和国家安全应对措施
DOI：
10.1080/21647259.2016.1277010
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Lind J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lind J
网络、跨国形式的暴力对一些撒哈拉以南非洲国家的和平与安全构成重大威胁。近年来，肯尼亚发生了越来越多涉及索马里激进组织青年党的袭击事件。肯尼亚政府对这些袭击的反应源于索马里人作为一种威胁存在的社会结构，这证明了一系列强硬的安全措施是合理的。然而，这一目标适得其反，加深了索马里人、其他穆斯林和国家之间的裂痕，青年党的暴力水平仍然居高不下。从肯尼亚索马里和穆斯林人口所处的社会和政治边缘来看，最近的暴力事件延续了长期存在的不安全动态，而国家本身是其中的核心参与者。与国家主导的以不平等公民身份为基础的社会秩序规划和使用暴力有关的内部压力与青年党的外部威胁交织在一起，为叛乱和暴力的蔓延创造了条件。减少暴力和建设和平需要更好地理解如何看待和体验边缘的暴力和安全。
Networked, transnational forms of violence pose a significant threat to peace and security in a number of sub-Saharan African countries. In recent years, Kenya has witnessed an expanding number of attacks involving Al-Shabaab – the Somali-based militant organisation. Kenya’s state responses to these attacks derive from a social construction of Somalis as a threatening presence, justifying a raft of hard security measures. However, this targeting has been counter-productive by driving a deeper wedge between Somalis, other Muslims and the state, and levels of Al-Shabaab violence have remained high. Seen from the social and political margins that Kenya’s Somali and Muslim populations occupy, recent violence continues a long-standing dynamic of insecurity in which the state itself is a central actor. Internal stress relating to state-led planning of social order built on unequal citizenships and the use of violence, enmesh with the external threat of Al-Shabaab, producing the conditions for insurgency and violence to spread. Reducing violence and building peace require greater understanding of how violence and security are seen and experienced at the margins.