Soil Processes and Functions in Critical Zone Observatories: Hypotheses and Experimental Design
Soil Processes and Functions in Critical Zone Observatories: Hypotheses and Experimental Design
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DOI：
10.2136/vzj2010.0136
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Zhang, Bin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banwart, Steven;Bernasconi, Stefano M.;Zhang, Bin
欧洲联盟关于土壤威胁和土壤保护的政策将新的研究列为优先事项，以应对全球土壤威胁。这项研究借鉴了关键区观测站（CZO）的方法，将国际多学科专业知识的关键质量集中在特定的现场。这些CZO被选为实验设计的一部分，以研究土壤过程和生态系统功能沿着一个假设的土壤生命周期，从初始的土壤形成，新的母质被沉积，高度退化的土壤，经历了数千年的集约化土地利用。进一步的CZO已被选定，以扩大土壤环境和数据集的范围，以测试代表土壤生命周期阶段的土壤过程模型。这项研究的科学方法集中在土壤结构和土壤团聚体的形成和稳定性在土壤过程中的核心作用。研究方法包括详细的分析和数学建模的土壤性质相关的团聚体形成和它们的关系，反应性运输，养分转化，C和食物网动态的关键过程在土壤生态系统中。在该研究计划中，CZO国际网络中土壤过程的量化侧重于了解土壤生态系统服务，包括土壤生命周期内的定量货币估值。通过这种国际CZO网络，可以在全球范围内进行进一步的实验设计。一个例子是拟议的实验，以研究土壤生态系统服务沿着行星尺度的环境梯度。这将使科学家们能够深入了解土壤过程对人类对地球关键区域日益增加的压力的反应，这些压力是通过快速变化的土地使用和气候产生的。
European Union policy on soil threats and soil protection has prioritized new research to address global soil threats. This research draws on the methodology of Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) to focus a critical mass of international, multi disciplinary expertise at specific field sites. These CZOs were selected as part of an experimental design to study soil processes and ecosystem function along a hypothesized soil life cycle-from incipient soil formation where new parent material is being deposited, to highly degraded soils that have experienced millennia of intensive land use. Further CZOs have been selected to broaden the range of soil environments and data sets to test soil process models that represent the stages of the soil life cycle. The scientific methodology for this research focuses on the central role of soil structure and soil aggregate formation and stability in soil processes. Research methods include detailed analysis and mathematical modeling of soil properties related to aggregate formation and their relation to key processes of reactive transport, nutrient transformation, and C and food web dynamics in soil ecosystems. Within this program of research, quantification of soil processes across an international network of CZOs is focused on understanding soil ecosystem services including their quantitative monetary valuation within the soil life cycle. Further experimental design at the global scale is enabled by this type of international CZO network. One example is a proposed experiment to study soil ecosystem services along planetary-scale environmental gradients. This would allow scientists to gain insight into the responses of soil processes to increasing human pressures on Earth's critical zone that arise through rapidly changing land use and climate.