Impairments in monkey and human face recognition in 2-year-old toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Delay
Impairments in monkey and human face recognition in 2-year-old toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Delay
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00543.x
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Volkmar, Fred
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chawarska, Katarzyna;Volkmar, Fred
面部识别障碍在患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的大龄儿童中有很好的记录;然而，缺陷的发展过程尚不清楚。本研究调查了自闭症儿童和非自闭症儿童的面部识别技能的逐步专业化。实验1采用视觉配对比较（VPC）范式，研究了2岁ASD儿童的人类和猴子面孔识别，非言语心理年龄（NVMA）与发育迟缓（DD）儿童和典型发育儿童（TD）相匹配。结果表明，与其他物种的影响，TD控制显示出增强识别的人，但不是猴子的脸，然而，无论是ASD或DD组显示的证据，无论是物种的面部识别。实验2在一组3至4岁的发育障碍（ASD和DD）儿童以及典型对照组中考察了相同的问题。在这个实验中，人类和猴子的面孔都被三组人识别出来。实验1和2的结果表明，在面对处理的困难，如测量的VPC范式，是常见的自闭症儿童以及DD，但这些赤字往往会消失的学龄前早期。此外，实验表明，在被动暴露的背景下，更高的效率的附带编码和识别的面部身份是积极的非语言认知技能和年龄，但不整体的社会交往技能或更多的关注，在自然的情况下表现出的面孔。
Face recognition impairments are well documented in older children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD); however, the developmental course of the deficit is not clear. This study investigates the progressive specialization of face recognition skills in children with and without ASD. Experiment 1 examines human and monkey face recognition in 2-year-old children with ASD, matched for nonverbal mental age (NVMA) with developmentally delayed (DD) children, and typically developing children (TD), using the Visual Paired Comparison (VPC) paradigm. Results indicate that, consistent with the other-species effect, TD controls show enhanced recognition of human but not monkey faces; however, neither the ASD nor the DD group show evidence of face recognition regardless of the species. Experiment 2 examines the same question in a group of older 3- to 4-year-old developmentally disabled (ASD and DD) children as well as in typical controls. In this experiment, both human and monkey faces are recognized by all three groups. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that difficulties in face processing, as measured by the VPC paradigm, are common in toddlers with ASD as well as DD, but that these deficits tend to disappear by early preschool age. In addition, the experiments show that higher efficacy of incidental encoding and recognition of facial identity in a context of passive exposure is positively related to nonverbal cognitive skills and age, but not to overall social interaction skills or greater attention to faces exhibited in naturalistic contexts.