Short-term memory capacity: magic number or magic spell?
Short-term memory capacity: magic number or magic spell?
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短期记忆能力：神奇数字还是神奇咒语？
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.12.3.419
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Boruff,B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schweickert,R;Boruff,B
之前的实验发现，对于可以更快发音的项目，记忆范围更大。对于各种材料，跨度等于大约 1.5 秒（大概是言语痕迹的持续时间）内可以发音的项目数量。这提出了一个立即回忆的模型：正确回忆列表的概率等于背诵列表的时间小于跟踪的可变持续时间的概率。确定了六种材料的不同长度列表的召回概率。随后，受试者大声朗读列表。与正确回忆概率相对应的标准正常偏差与发音时间呈线性关系。显然，对于受试者来说，正态分布是轨迹持续时间分布的合理近似。估计跟踪持续时间的平均值和方差。平均值 (1.88 s) 与之前的估计非常吻合，并且该模型解释了即时回忆中 95% 的方差。
Previous experiments have found that memory span is greater for items that can be pronounced more quickly. For a variety of materials the span equals the number of items that can be pronounced in about 1.5 s, presumably the duration of the verbal trace. This suggests a model for immediate recall: The probability of correctly recalling a list equals the probability that the time to recite the list is less than the variable duration of the trace. Recall probability for lists of various lengths was determined for six materials. Later, subjects read the lists aloud. The standard normal deviates corresponding to probability of correct recall were linear in pronunciation time. Evidently, over subjects, a normal distribution is a reasonable approximation of the distribution of the trace duration. The mean and variance of the trace duration were estimated. The mean (1.88 s) agrees well with previous estimates, and the model accounts for 95% of the variance in immediate recall.