Heat flux assumptions contribute to overestimation of wildfire smoke injection into the free troposphere
Heat flux assumptions contribute to overestimation of wildfire smoke injection into the free troposphere
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s43247-022-00563-x
复制
发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
L. H. Thapa;X. Ye;J. Hair;M. Fenn;T. Shingler;S. Kondragunta;C. Ichoku;Roseanne T. Dominguez;L. Ellison;A. Soja;E. Gargulinski;R. Ahmadov;E. James;G. Grell;S. Freitas;G. Pereira;P. Saide
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. H. Thapa;X. Ye;J. Hair;M. Fenn;T. Shingler;S. Kondragunta;C. Ichoku;Roseanne T. Dominguez;L. Ellison;A. Soja;E. Gargulinski;R. Ahmadov;E. James;G. Grell;S. Freitas;G. Pereira;P. Saide
野火烟羽注入自由对流层影响空气质量，但模型预测的注入是穷人。在这里，我们使用2019年美国西部野火（FIREX-AQ）期间获得的飞机观测结果来评估两种大气化学传输模型（WRF-Chem和HRRR-Smoke）中常用的烟羽上升参数化。观测结果表明，35%的羽流中会有烟雾注入到自由对流层中，而模型预测的59-95%表明模拟中的错误注入。错误的注射与两个模型高估火热通量和地形高度，并与WRF-Chem低估行星边界层高度。我们估计，热通量的辐射部分是0.5至25倍，在模型中比在观测，这取决于燃料类型。通过使用观测到的热通量和边界层高度，大大提高了模型性能，证实模型需要准确的热通量和边界层高度才能正确预测羽流注入。
Injections of wildfire smoke plumes into the free troposphere impact air quality, yet model forecasts of injections are poor. Here, we use aircraft observations obtained during the 2019 western US wildfires (FIREX-AQ) to evaluate a commonly used smoke plume rise parameterization in two atmospheric chemistry-transport models (WRF-Chem and HRRR-Smoke). Observations show that smoke injections into the free troposphere occur in 35% of plumes, whereas the models forecast 59–95% indicating false injections in the simulations. False injections were associated with both models overestimating fire heat flux and terrain height, and with WRF-Chem underestimating planetary boundary layer height. We estimate that the radiant fraction of heat flux is 0.5 to 25 times larger in models than in observations, depending on fuel type. Model performance was substantially improved by using observed heat flux and boundary layer heights, confirming that models need accurate heat fluxes and boundary layer heights to correctly forecast plume injections.