Nanoplasmonic Sensor Approaches for Sensitive Detection of Disease-Associated Exosomes.
Nanoplasmonic Sensor Approaches for Sensitive Detection of Disease-Associated Exosomes.
复制标题
纳米质传感器方法可对疾病相关外泌体的敏感检测。
DOI：
10.1021/acsabm.1c00113
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发表时间：
2021-09-20
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Hu, Tony Ye
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amrollahi, Pouya;Zheng, Wenshu;Monk, Chandler;Li, Chen-Zhong;Hu, Tony Ye
外泌体由大多数携带膜因子和胞质因子的细胞大量分泌，这些因子可以反映其来源细胞的生理状态，因此具有很强的潜力作为早期诊断、疾病分期和治疗监测的生物标志物。然而，可能使用外泌体的传统诊断或预后应用由于缺乏能够利用其生物信息的快速和敏感的分析而受到阻碍。为了解决这一缺陷，已经开发了一系列的分析方法，包括将免疫分析与纳米等离子体传感器相结合，以测量低浓度目标分子结合时光学折射率的变化。这些传感器利用纳米等离子体粒子和结构的电子云与入射电磁辐射之间增强和可调的相互作用，使复杂生物样品中存在的疾病相关外泌体生物标志物的无隔离和超灵敏定量成为可能。这些独特的优势使纳米等离子体传感成为临床应用和评估基于外泌体的生物标志物的即时检测中最具竞争力的方法之一。本文将简要总结外泌体的起源和临床应用，以及当前分离和分析方法的局限性，然后回顾纳米等离子体传感装置的具体优势和局限性，并指出需要哪些额外的发展才能使这些方法转化为临床应用。
Exosomes are abundantly secreted by most cells that carry membrane and cytosolic factors that can reflect the physiologic state of their source cells and thus have strong potential to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease staging, and treatment monitoring. However, traditional diagnostic or prognostic applications that might use exosomes are hindered by the lack of rapid and sensitive assays that can exploit their biological information. An array of assay approaches have been developed to address this deficit, including those that integrate immunoassays with nanoplasmonic sensors to measure changes in optical refractive indexes in response to the binding of low concentrations of their targeted molecules. These sensors take advantage of enhanced and tunable interactions between the electron clouds of nanoplasmonic particles and structures and incident electromagnetic radiation to enable isolation-free and ultrasensitive quantification of disease-associated exosome biomarkers present in complex biological samples. These unique advantages make nanoplasmonic sensing one of the most competitive approaches available for clinical applications and point-of-care tests that evaluate exosome-based biomarkers. This review will briefly summarize the origin and clinical utility of exosomes and the limitations of current isolation and analysis approaches before reviewing the specific advantages and limitations of nanoplasmonic sensing devices and indicating what additional developments are necessary to allow the translation of these approaches into clinical applications.