Preparing for escape: anti-predator posture and fast-start performance in gobies
Preparing for escape: anti-predator posture and fast-start performance in gobies
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准备逃跑：虾虎鱼的反捕食姿势和快速启动性能
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.032953
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
P. Domenici
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Turesson;A. Satta;P. Domenici
摘要 采用姿势作为对威胁的反应通常被解释为捕食者检测或信号（例如警惕和防御显示）。反捕食者姿势的替代或附加功能可能是增强随后的逃跑的可能性在很大程度上尚未被探索。在这里，我们使用黑虾虎鱼（Gobius niger）来检验以下假设：弱刺激（WS）引起的弯曲反应（即缓慢的肌肉收缩，使身体弯曲而不向前位移）引起的姿势弯曲可能会影响逃避反应。进行了三个实验。 (1) 使用横向机械刺激来惊吓对照鱼和 WS 刺激鱼，以测试姿势 C 形弯曲的方向是否影响逃逸方向和性能。当逃逸朝向姿势 C 形的凸侧时，姿势曲率被定义为正，而当逃逸朝向凹侧时，姿势曲率被定义为负。运动性能随着姿势曲率的增加而增加，尽管无论姿势曲率如何，鱼都表现出逃避刺激的偏好。 (2) 对照鱼和 WS 刺激的鱼从上方受到惊吓，从而最大限度地减少了水平面上威胁的方向性。 WS 刺激的鱼表现出逃避正曲率的倾向，从而增强了它们的运动性能。 (3) 对来自上方的刺激的现场观察表明，虾虎鱼最常向姿势 C 形的凸面逃逸。通过摆脱正弯曲姿势，大部分最初的尾扫都是向后引导的，并且可以比从笔直或负弯曲姿势开始时提供更大的推力。因此，警觉的底栖鱼类所采取的反捕食者姿势可能会为它们随后的逃跑反应“做好准备”，因为当它们受到来自上方的攻击（很可能发生）时，它传达了一种优势，尽管当虾虎鱼受到水平刺激时，当两者权衡时，逃跑方向可能比高运动性能更受青睐。
SUMMARY The adoption of postures as a response to threats is often interpreted in terms of predator detection or signalling (e.g. vigilance and defence display). The possibility that an alternative or additional function of anti-predator postures might be to enhance the subsequent escape has been largely unexplored. Here, we use black goby (Gobius niger) to test the hypothesis that a postural curvature caused by a bending response (i.e. a slow muscle contraction which bends the body with no forward displacement) induced by a weak stimulus (WS) may affect escape responses. Three experiments were carried out. (1) Control and WS-stimulated fish were startled using lateral mechanical stimuli, to test whether the orientation of the postural C-bend affected escape direction and performance. Postural curvature was defined as positive when escapes were towards the convex side of the postural C-shape, and negative when they were towards the concave side. Locomotor performance increased with postural curvature, although fish showed a preference for escaping away from the stimulus regardless of postural curvature. (2) Control and WS-stimulated fish were startled from above, hence minimising the directionality of the threat on the horizontal plane. WS-stimulated fish showed a bias towards escaping from a positive curvature, thereby enhancing their locomotor performance. (3) Field observations with stimuli coming from above showed that gobies escape most often towards the convex side of the postural C-shape. By escaping from positively curved postures, most of the initial tailsweep is directed backwards and may provide more thrust than when starting from straight or negatively curved postures. Hence, the anti-predator posture adopted by alerted benthic fishes may `prepare' them for their subsequent escape response because it conveys an advantage when they are attacked from above (a likely occurrence), although when gobies are stimulated horizontally, escape direction may be favoured over high locomotor performance when the two trade off.
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2002-07
期刊：
The Journal of experimental biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Melina E. Hale
通讯作者：
Melina E. Hale
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1991-11
期刊：
The Journal of experimental biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. C. Eaton;Deanna S. Emberley
通讯作者：
R. C. Eaton;Deanna S. Emberley