The Twenty Questions Game as a Form of Problem Solving.
The Twenty Questions Game as a Form of Problem Solving.
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作为解决问题的一种形式的二十个问题游戏。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1977
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通讯作者：
R. Siegler
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作者：
R. Siegler
SIEGLER, ROBERT S. 作为解决问题的一种形式的二十个问题游戏。儿童发展，1977 年，48，395-403。进行了 3 个实验，试图将问题解决研究中开发的思想和方法与专门研究儿童探究策略的思想和方法结合起来。重点是同构问题的经验如何影响后续的查询。在实验1中，发现2个同构问题的呈现顺序极大地影响了13岁和14岁孩子提出的问题类型。在实验2中，有证据表明这种效应是由于青少年在提出问题时仅对其现有知识进行了有限的搜索。实验 3 的结果排除了实验 2 结果的 2 种可能的替代解释——它们可能是由于动机因素或关于任务需求的高级知识——并且还提供了实验 1 结果的独立重复。这 3 个实验共同证明了同构、类比和搜索深度等解决问题的概念在儿童探究研究中的适用性。
SIEGLER, ROBERT S. The Twenty Questions Game as a Form of Problem Solving. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 395-403. 3 experiments were performed in an attempt to integrate ideas and methods developed in the study of problem solving with those developed specifically to study children's inquiry strategies. The focus was on how experience with isomorphic problems affected subsequent inquiries. In Experiment 1, it was found that the order of presentation of 2 isomorphic problems greatly influenced the types of questions asked by 13and 14-year-olds. In Experiment 2, evidence was produced that this effect was due to the adolescents' conducting only limited searches of their existing knowledge in generating questions. The results of Experiment 3 ruled out 2 possible alternative explanations of the Experiment 2 findings-that they might be due to motivational factors or to superior knowledge about task demands-and also provided an independent replication of the results of Experiment 1. Together, the 3 experiments demonstrated the applicability of such problem-solving concepts as isomorphism, analogy, and depth of search to the study of children's inquiries.