Personality predicts temporal attention costs in the attentional blink paradigm
Personality predicts temporal attention costs in the attentional blink paradigm
复制标题
DOI：
10.3758/pbr.17.4.556
复制
发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Arnell, Karen M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacLean, Mary H.;Arnell, Karen M.
当第二目标出现在第一目标的500毫秒内时，第二目标的精度降低。这种现象被称为注意力瞬脱（Attentional Blink，AB）。分散的注意力状态（通过积极的影响或额外的任务）已被证明可以减少AB，而集中的注意力状态（通过消极的影响）已被证明可以增加AB，据称是通过影响注意力投资和灵活性的数量。在本研究中，人格特质的个体差异与积极情感，消极情感，认知灵活性被用来预测个体差异的AB幅度。正如假设的那样，更大的外向性和开放性预测较小的AB。更大的开放性也预示着更高的整体目标准确性。更大的神经质预测更大的AB和更低的整体目标准确性。与认知灵活性较低相关的尽责性预测了较低的总体目标准确性。人格可以通过倾向于或多或少的严格或有能力的认知控制来影响过度投资，从而调节AB。
Accuracy for a second target is reduced when it is presented within 500 msec of a first target. This phenomenon is called the attentional blink (AB). A diffused attentional state (via positive affect or an additional task) has been shown to reduce the AB, whereas a focused attentional state (via negative affect) has been shown to increase the AB, purportedly by influencing the amount of attentional investment and flexibility. In the present study, individual differences in personality traits related to positive affect, negative affect, and cognitive flexibility were used to predict individual differences in AB magnitude. As hypothesized, greater extraversion and openness predicted smaller ABs. Greater openness also predicted higher overall target accuracy. Greater neuroticism predicted larger ABs and lower overall target accuracy. Conscientiousness, associated with less cognitive flexibility, predicted lower overall target accuracy. Personality may modulate the AB by influencing overinvestment via dispositional tendencies toward more or less stringent or capable cognitive control.