Upgrading Furfurals to Drop-in Biofuels: An Overview
Upgrading Furfurals to Drop-in Biofuels: An Overview
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DOI：
10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00271
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Abu-Omar, Mahdi M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bohre, Ashish;Dutta, Saikat;Abu-Omar, Mahdi M.
生物质是下一代直接液体燃料和可再生化学品的一种有前途的原料，因此，开发经济上可行的技术，从可持续的生物质生产商品和特种化学品，近年来受到了极大的关注。虽然生物质转化为直接生物燃料涉及多个加工步骤，其中生物质首先解聚并转化为糠醛（5-羟甲基糠醛，糠醛），但糠醛的催化升级是实现所需燃料性质的最终产品的最重要步骤。在过去的十年中，已经发表了几篇研究论文，报道了用于将糠醛升级为相关的直接燃料候选物如2，5_二甲基呋喃（DMF）、2-甲基呋喃（2-MF）、5-乙氧基甲基糠醛（EMF）、γ-戊内酯（GVL）、乙酰丙酸乙酯和长链烃烷烃的均相和非均相催化方法。虽然已经对这些燃料化合物中的一些的生产和升级的工艺技术进行了综述，但是对于从糠醛生产所有相关的基于呋喃的燃料化合物（包括长链烃烷烃）的方法的简要概述值得发表以进一步推进。这篇前瞻性的文章旨在提出一个最新的分析报告的催化技术，糠醛升级为长链烃，特别强调缩合反应，生产高碳链的前体和催化系统，其随后脱氧，以实现燃料级烃的高产率和选择性。分析了糠醛改质为DMF、2-MF和EMF的研究现状。
Biomass is a promising feedstock for the next generation drop-in liquid fuels and renewable chemicals, and hence the development of economically viable technologies for the production of commodity and specialty chemicals from sustainable biomass have received significant attention in recent years. Although biomass transformation into drop-in biofuels involves multiple processing steps in which biomass is first depolymerized and converted to furfurals (5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural), catalytic upgrading of furfurals is the most important step in achieving end products of the desired fuel properties. Several research papers have been published in the past decade reporting homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes for upgrading furfurals to relevant drop-in fuel candidates such as, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), 2-methylfuran (2-MF), 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), gamma-valerolactone (GVL), ethyl levulinate and long chain hydrocarbon alkanes. Although process technologies for the production and upgrading of some of these fuel compounds have been reviewed, a concise overview on production methodologies for all relevant furan based fuel compounds, including long chain hydrocarbon alkanes, from furfurals is worth publishing for further advancement. This perspective article is aimed at presenting an up to date analysis of the reported catalytic technologies for upgrading furfurals into long chain hydrocarbons with special emphasis on the condensation reactions for producing high carbon chain precursors and catalytic systems for their subsequent deoxygenation to achieve high yield and selectivity in fuel grade hydrocarbons. The current state-of-the-art on upgrading furfurals to DMF, 2-MF and EMF are also analyzed.