Does one size fit all? The suitability of standard ozone exposure metric conversion ratios and implications for epidemiology.
Does one size fit all? The suitability of standard ozone exposure metric conversion ratios and implications for epidemiology.
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DOI：
10.1038/jes.2008.69
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发表时间：
2010-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
在健康研究和政策制定中，已经应用了几个暴露指标来表示臭氧暴露，例如24小时平均值和每日8小时最大值。通常，使用一个暴露度量计算的结果使用简单比率进行转换，以将发现与使用不同度量的结果进行比较或联合收割机组合。然而，这种转换假设这种比率在不同地点和时间段是恒定的。我们通过检查2000年至2004年美国78个社区内部和社区之间各种形式的臭氧浓度（24小时平均值、每日1小时最大值和每日8小时最大值）之间的关系，并将结果与常用的臭氧浓度进行比较，研究了这种转换方法的适当性。转换率。我们探讨了臭氧暴露指标之间的关系是否因地区、天气、季节和城市特征而异。分析显示，臭氧指标之间的关系，无论是在不同社区和不同时间内个别社区，表明转换臭氧暴露指标与标准比率引入不确定性。例如，每日8小时最大值与每日浓度的平均比值范围为1.23至1.83。在一个社区内，臭氧水平较高的天数比例较低。社区内指标之间的关系与每日气温相关。长期臭氧水平较高的社区的社区平均暴露度量比率较低。由于全年臭氧指标的变化率不同，臭氧指标比率因季节而异。我们建议，如果可能的话，健康影响研究应提供多个臭氧暴露指标的结果。当转换是必要的，更准确的估计可以获得使用数据摘要为给定的位置和时间段（如果可用），或转换率的基础上的数据从一个类似的城市和季节，如本研究提供的结果。
Several exposure metrics have been applied in health research and policy settings to represent ozone exposure, such as the 24 h average and daily 8 h maximum. Frequently, results calculated using one exposure metric are converted using a simple ratio to compare or combine findings with results using a different metric. This conversion, however, assumes that such a ratio is constant across locations and time periods. We investigated the appropriateness of this conversion method by examining the relationships among various forms of ozone concentrations (24 h average, daily 1 h maximum, and daily 8 h maximum) within and between communities for 78 US communities from 2000 to 2004 and compared results to commonly used conversion ratios. We explored whether the relationships between ozone exposure metrics differ by region, weather, season, and city-specific characteristics. Analysis revealed variation in the relationship among ozone metrics, both across communities and across time within individual communities, indicating that conversion of ozone exposure metrics with a standard ratio introduces uncertainty. For example, the average ratio of the daily 8 h maximum to the daily concentration ranged from 1.23 to 1.83. Within a community, days with higher ozone levels had lower ratios. Relationships among metrics within a community were associated with daily temperature. The community-average exposure metric ratios were lower for communities with higher long-term ozone levels. Ozone metric ratios differed by season because of the different rate of change of ozone metrics throughout the year. We recommend that health effects studies present results from multiple ozone exposure metrics, if possible. When conversions are necessary, more accurate estimates can be obtained using summaries of data for a given location and time period if available, or by basing conversion ratios on data from a similar city and season, such as the results provided in this study.
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DOI：
10.1080/10473289.1997.10464456
发表时间：
1997-08-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Georgopoulos, PG;Arunachalam, S;Wang, S
通讯作者：
Wang, S
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Jo, WK;Yoon, IH;Nam, CW
通讯作者：
Nam, CW
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
St John, James C.;Chameides, William L.
通讯作者：
Chameides, William L.
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Arbaugh, MJ;Miller, PR;Procter, T
通讯作者：
Procter, T
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500169
发表时间：
2001-07-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Thurston, GD;Ito, K
通讯作者：
Ito, K