TLR Function in Murine CD4+ T Lymphocytes and Their Role in Inflammation
TLR Function in Murine CD4+ T Lymphocytes and Their Role in Inflammation
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-3335-8_14
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Reynolds, Joseph M.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Flaherty, Stephanie;Reynolds, Joseph M.
Toll样受体(Toll-like Receptor，TLR)信号代表了一种进化保守的机制，允许快速检测不同病原体群体共有的广泛分子模式。传统上，TLRs与先天免疫反应的细胞有关，其中仅TLR的结扎就可以导致细胞激活和免疫反应的初始化。获得性免疫的细胞，即不同类别的T和B淋巴细胞，也表达多种TLRs。相反，在适应性免疫反应的细胞中，TLRs的功能和信号结果明显不同。与天然细胞相比，T淋巴细胞的TLR表达普遍较低，这表明TLRs在这类细胞中具有高度专门化的功能。某些TLRs对T细胞具有共刺激作用，只有在同时存在T细胞受体参与的情况下才能放大激活。然而，T淋巴细胞中TLR信号事件和结果的完整阵列仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们描述了几种方法来研究TLRs在体外和体内对T淋巴细胞的一般功能，重点是对CD4(+)T细胞的研究。这些程序中的大多数也可用于研究其他类型淋巴细胞上的TLR信号。
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling represents an evolutionary-conserved mechanism allowing for the rapid detection of broad molecular patterns that are common to different groups of pathogens. TLRs are traditionally associated with cells of the innate immune response where ligation of a TLR alone can lead to cellular activation and the initialization of an immune response. Cells of adaptive immunity, namely different classes of T and B lymphocytes, are also known to express a variety of TLRs. Conversely, the functional and signaling outcomes of TLRs are decidedly different in cells of the adaptive immune response. T lymphocytes generally have substantially lower TLR expression compared to innate cells, suggesting that TLRs function in a highly specialized capacity in this cell type. Certain TLRs act in a co-stimulatory capacity on T cells, amplifying activation only in the presence of simultaneous T-cell receptor engagement. However, the full array of TLR signaling events and outcomes in T lymphocytes remains poorly understood. Here, we describe a few methods for investigating the general function of TLRs on T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo with an emphasis on the study of CD4(+) T cells. Most of these procedures can be adapted for the study of TLR signaling on other classes of lymphocytes as well.