Comparison of grasping movements made by healthy subjects in a 3-dimensional immersive virtual versus physical environment
Comparison of grasping movements made by healthy subjects in a 3-dimensional immersive virtual versus physical environment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.05.015
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Levin, Mindy F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Magdalon, Eliane C.;Michaelsen, Stella M.;Levin, Mindy F.
虚拟现实（VR）技术正越来越频繁地用作运动康复的训练媒介。然而，在解决虚拟环境（VE）中的训练效果之前，有必要确定在这种环境中进行的运动是否与在物理环境（PE）中进行的运动相似，以及提供触觉反馈对这些运动模式的影响。这些问题很重要，因为当视觉或触觉反馈被改变或缺失时，伸手抓握运动可能不准确。我们的目标是比较运动学的达成和把握运动的三个对象在一个沉浸式的三维（3D）虚拟环境与触觉反馈（cyberglove/把握系统）通过头戴式显示器，在等效的物理环境（PE）。我们还比较了运动在PE和不戴cyberglove/把握触觉反馈系统。10名健康受试者（8名女性，62.1 +/- 8.8岁）在PE中达到并抓取需要3种不同抓取类型的物体（罐，直径65.6 mm，圆柱形抓取：螺丝刀，直径31.6 mm，电动抓取：笔，直径7.5 mm，精确抓取），在VE中达到并抓取视觉上相似的虚拟物体。分析了手臂和躯干的时间和空间运动学。与在PE中不戴手套的情况下进行的运动相比，在PE和VE中戴手套时，运动更慢，抓握孔更宽。当戴上手套时，受试者在两种环境中使用相似的到达轨迹，保持到达和抓握之间的协调，并且对于较大的物体（圆柱形抓握），将抓握孔径缩放到物体尺寸。然而，与PE相比，VE中的运动较慢，并且具有较长的减速时间，当到达最小物体时肘部伸展更大，并且对于力量和精确抓握任务，孔径更宽。总体而言，环境之间运动的空间和时间运动学差异大于仅佩戴网络手套/抓取系统的差异。由于观看环境导致的运动学差异可能是由于缺乏对虚拟环境的先前经验、对象位置的不确定性以及佩戴头戴式显示器时的受限视场。研究结果可用于指导三维虚拟环境中物体的设计和布置，以用于上肢康复和控制的研究。(C)2011 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Virtual reality (VR) technology is being used with increasing frequency as a training medium for motor rehabilitation. However, before addressing training effectiveness in virtual environments (VEs), it is necessary to identify if movements made in such environments are kinematically similar to those made in physical environments (PEs) and the effect of provision of haptic feedback on these movement patterns. These questions are important since reach-to-grasp movements may be inaccurate when visual or haptic feedback is altered or absent. Our goal was to compare kinematics of reaching and grasping movements to three objects performed in an immersive three-dimensional (3D) VE with haptic feedback (cyberglove/grasp system) viewed through a head-mounted display to those made in an equivalent physical environment (PE). We also compared movements in PE made with and without wearing the cyberglove/grasp haptic feedback system. Ten healthy subjects (8 women, 62.1 +/- 8.8 years) reached and grasped objects requiring 3 different grasp types (can, diameter 65.6 mm, cylindrical grasp: screwdriver, diameter 31.6 mm, power grasp: pen, diameter 7.5 mm, precision grasp) in PE and visually similar virtual objects in VE. Temporal and spatial arm and trunk kinematics were analyzed. Movements were slower and grip apertures were wider when wearing the glove in both the PE and the VE compared to movements made in the PE without the glove. When wearing the glove, subjects used similar reaching trajectories in both environments, preserved the coordination between reaching and grasping and scaled grip aperture to object size for the larger object (cylindrical grasp). However, in VE compared to PE, movements were slower and had longer deceleration times, elbow extension was greater when reaching to the smallest object and apertures were wider for the power and precision grip tasks. Overall, the differences in spatial and temporal kinematics of movements between environments were greater than those due only to wearing the cyberglove/grasp system. Differences in movement kinematics due to the viewing environment were likely due to a lack of prior experience with the virtual environment, an uncertainty of object location and the restricted field-of-view when wearing the head-mounted display. The results can be used to inform the design and disposition of objects within 3D VEs for the study of the control of prehension and for upper limb rehabilitation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.