Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays
Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-03173-9
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发表时间：
2021-01-28
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Dulvy, Nicholas K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pacoureau, Nathan;Rigby, Cassandra L.;Dulvy, Nicholas K.
过度捕捞是海洋退化的主要原因，但个别物种灭绝风险的下降和增加很难衡量，特别是对于在公海发现的最大捕食者(1-3)。在这里，我们计算了两个成熟的指标，以跟踪实现爱知生物多样性目标和可持续发展目标的进展情况(4，5)：生命星球指数(从18个海洋鲨鱼和鱼类物种的57个丰度时间序列数据集中汇总的丰度变化的衡量标准)和红色清单指数(为所有31个海洋鲨鱼和鱼类物种计算的灭绝风险变化的衡量标准)。我们发现，自1970年以来，由于相对捕捞压力增加了18倍，全球海洋鲨鱼和鱼类的丰度下降了71%。这种枯竭增加了全球物种灭绝的风险，以至于组成这一重要功能组合的物种中有四分之三面临灭绝的威胁。迫切需要严格的禁令和基于科学的预防性渔获量限制，以避免种群崩溃(6，7)，避免破坏生态功能，促进物种恢复(8，9)。
Overfishing is the primary cause of marine defaunation, yet declines in and increasing extinction risks of individual species are difficult to measure, particularly for the largest predators found in the high seas(1-3). Here we calculate two well-established indicators to track progress towards Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Sustainable Development Goals(4,5): the Living Planet Index (a measure of changes in abundance aggregated from 57 abundance time-series datasets for 18 oceanic shark and ray species) and the Red List Index (a measure of change in extinction risk calculated for all 31 oceanic species of sharks and rays). We find that, since 1970, the global abundance of oceanic sharks and rays has declined by 71% owing to an 18-fold increase in relative fishing pressure. This depletion has increased the global extinction risk to the point at which three-quarters of the species comprising this functionally important assemblage are threatened with extinction. Strict prohibitions and precautionary science-based catch limits are urgently needed to avert population collapse(6,7), avoid the disruption of ecological functions and promote species recovery(8,9).