The European Regulatory Response to the Volcanic Ash Crisis between Fragmentation and Integration
The European Regulatory Response to the Volcanic Ash Crisis between Fragmentation and Integration
复制标题
欧洲监管碎片化与一体化对火山灰危机的应对
DOI：
10.1163/9789004268333_013
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
A. Alemanno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Alemanno
欧盟取消其内部陆地边界二十多年后，欧盟仍然缺乏一体化的空域。这似乎是最近火山灰危机最直接的监管教训。然而，在确定其净效应之前，还需要进行更多的研究。在这份简短的报告中，我将对冰岛埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖火山喷发后整个欧洲制定的监管解决方案进行第一手分析。在重现事件的发展过程和监管机构遵循的程序的同时，我将尝试解决 2010 年 4 月 16 日至 25 日滞留在华盛顿特区时反复问自己的一些问题。谁对火山灰对喷气式客机造成的危害进行了评估？谁有能力做出风险管理决策，例如有争议的飞行禁令？火山灰的安全水平真的为零吗？如何解释事件发生仅五天后就转向新的安全阈值（2,000 mg/m3）？监管者是否行为过度？他们在多大程度上管理了感知风险而不是实际风险？在公共当局和受影响的行业都在密切关注火山灰云危机的影响之际，确定欧洲历史上最严重的航空危机期间发生的情况似乎特别及时。本报告是在事件发生一周后撰写的，并依赖于 2010 年 4 月 30 日之前可获得的有限资源。
More than twenty years after the EU eliminated its internal land borders, the Union still lacks an integrated airspace. This seems to be the most immediate regulatory lesson of the recent volcanic ash crisis. Yet more research is needed before establishing its net effects. In this brief report, I will provide a first-hand analysis of the regulatory answer developed across Europe in the aftermath of the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull. While reconstructing the unfolding of the events and the procedures followed by the regulators, I will attempt to address some of the questions that I have repeatedly asked myself when stranded in Washington DC between 16 and 25 April 2010. Who did the assessment of the hazard posed by volcanic ash to jetliners? Who was competent to take risk management decisions, such as the controversial flight bans? Is it true that the safe level of volcanic ash was zero? How to explain the shift to a new safety threshold (of 2,000 mg/m3) only five days after the event? Did regulators overact? To what extent did they manage the perceived risk rather than the actual one? At a time when the impact of the volcanic ash cloud crisis is being closely scrutinised by both public authorities and the affected industries, it seems particularly timely to establish what happened during the worst aviation crisis in European history. This report was written one week after the event and relied on a limited number of sources available by 30 April 2010.