The Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation
The Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation
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DOI：
10.1002/1521-3978(200009)48:9/11
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发表时间：
2000-02
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
D. DiVincenzo;Ibm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. DiVincenzo;Ibm
在简要介绍了量子信息处理的原理和前景之后，讨论了量子计算的物理实现的要求。这五个要求，加上两个与量子信息通信有关的要求，得到了广泛的研究，并与原子物理、量子光学、核磁共振光谱、超导电子学和量子点物理中的许多方案有关，以实现量子计算。I.简介�量子信息处理作为一个抽象的概念的出现，催生了许多非常具体的新思想，关于如何创造在迄今未被探索的量子力学体系中运行的物理计算设备。这本书的主题是目前正在努力生产的工作实验室设备，这些设备执行这种深刻的新形式的信息处理。在本章中，我概述了本特刊后文中报告的调查的共同目标。已提出和正在进行的量子硬件实现方法的范围是显著的，这些方法来自原子物理(1)、量子光学(2)、核(3)和电子(4)磁共振光谱学、超导器件物理(5)、电子物理(6)以及介观和量子点研究(7)的专业。之所以出现这种令人惊叹的各种方法，是因为正如我们将看到的那样，量子计算的原理是利用量子力学的最基本思想提出的，其具体体现几乎可以在量子物理学的每一个分支中考虑。由此产生的跨学科精神是这一领域最令人愉快和显著的特征之一。已经产生的兴奋和新鲜预示着这一努力中发现、发明和创新的前景。
After a brief introduction to the principles and promise of quantum information processing, the requirements for the physical implementation of quantum computation are discussed. These five requirements, plus two relating to the communication of quantum information, are extensively ex- plored and related to the many schemes in atomic physics, quantum optics, nuclear and electron magnetic resonance spectroscopy, superconducting electronics, and quantum-dot physics, for achiev- ing quantum computing. I. INTRODUCTION � The advent of quantum information processing, as an abstract concept, has given birth to a great deal of new thinking, of a very concrete form, about how to create physical computing devices that operate in the hitherto unexplored quantum mechanical regime. The efforts now underway to produce working laboratory devices that perform this profoundly new form of information pro- cessing are the subject of this book. In this chapter I provide an overview of the common objectives of the investigations reported in the remain- der of this special issue. The scope of the approaches, proposed and underway, to the implementation of quan- tum hardware is remarkable, emerging from specialties in atomic physics (1), in quantum optics (2), in nuclear (3) and electron (4) magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in su- perconducting device physics (5), in electron physics (6), and in mesoscopic and quantum dot research (7). This amazing variety of approaches has arisen because, as we will see, the principles of quantum computing are posed using the most fundamental ideas of quantum mechanics, ones whose embodiment can be contemplated in virtually every branch of quantum physics. The interdisciplinary spirit which has been fostered as a result is one of the most pleasant and remarkable fea- tures of this field. The excitement and freshness that has been produced bodes well for the prospect for discovery, invention, and innovation in this endeavor.