Horizontal and vertical movements of host-seeking Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs in a hardwood forest
Horizontal and vertical movements of host-seeking Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs in a hardwood forest
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DOI：
10.3376/038.034.0212
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Stubbs, Harrison A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lane, Robert S.;Mun, Jeomhee;Stubbs, Harrison A.
西部黑腿蜱（Ixodes pacificus）的若虫是莱姆病螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi）传播到美国远西部人类的重要桥梁媒介。以前未知的扩散能力，这个生命阶段进行了研究，在有关日志，树干，和相邻的叶凋落物面积在一个混合阔叶林使用标记释放-再捕获方法。在两个空间和时间间隔良好的试验，涉及日志，估计的平均距离，分散范围从约0.04至0.20米/天的日志与0.11至0.72米/天的垃圾。在重新捕获之前，在任何一个试验和范围内的采样网格，最大的估计分散距离由个别的释放日志，并在垃圾0.5米或1.5米的日志，分别为2.4，3.0和3.0米。若虫释放的日志或垃圾往往留在同一群落区，他们被释放，而主机寻求。在两个同时进行的试验中，涉及树干间距近在咫尺，树干/枯枝落叶界面上所有四个方面的释放共同分散的平均值为0.353米/天的树干与0.175米/天的枯枝落叶。在这两个试验中，最大的距离，夺回爬上树干，或分散在一个环绕3米的网格，分别为1.55米和2.97米的垃圾。若虫上升干没有表现出任何一个方面的偏好，和B。爬上树干（3.2-4.0%）的蝗虫与水平移动进入窝（10.5-17.6%）的蝗虫的伯氏感染率没有显著差异。我们得出结论，I. pacificus pac当有选择的时候，感染了伯氏菌的蚊子既可能水平移动，也可能垂直移动。
The nymph of the western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus) is an important bridging vector of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) to humans in the far-western United States. The previously unknown dispersal capabilities of this life stage were studied in relation to logs, tree trunks, and adjacent leaf-litter areas in a mixed hardwood forest using mark-release-recapture methods. In two spatially and temporally well-spaced trials involving logs, the estimated mean distances that nymphs dispersed ranged from approximate to 0.04 to 0.20 m/day on logs vs 0.11 to 0.72 m/day in litter. Prior to recapture in either trial and within the confines of the sampling grids, the greatest estimated dispersal distances by individual nymphs released on logs, and in litter 0.5 m or 1.5 m from logs, were 2.4, 3.0, and 3.0 m, respectively. Nymphs released on logs or litter tended to remain within the same biotopes in which they were freed while host-seeking. In two simultaneous trials involving trunks spaced close-at-hand, nymphs released at the trunk/litter interface on all four aspects collectively dispersed a mean of 0.353 m/day on trunks vs 0.175 m/day in litter. In either trial, the greatest distances that recaptured nymphs climbed trunks, or dispersed in litter in an encircling 3-m grid, were 1.55 m and 2.97 m, respectively. Nymphs ascending trunks did not exhibit a preference for any one aspect, and the B. burgdorferi-infection prevalences in nymphs that climbed trunks (3.2-4.0%) did not differ significantly from those that moved horizontally into litter (10.5-17.6%). We conclude that I. pacificus nymphs use an ambush host-seeking strategy; that they disperse slowly in all biotopes studied; that they usually continue to host-seek in or on whatever substratum they access initially; and that B. burgdorferi-infected nymphs are as likely to move horizontally as vertically when offered a choice.