Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells
Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells
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DOI：
10.1038/nature12340
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发表时间：
2013-07-18
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Graetzel, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burschka, Julian;Pellet, Norman;Graetzel, Michael
在开创性工作（1）之后，可溶液加工的有机-无机杂化钙钛矿-例如CH 3 NH3 PbX 3（X = Cl，Br，I）-作为用于介观太阳能电池的光捕获材料引起了关注（2-15）。到目前为止，钙钛矿颜料已经使用PbX 2和CH 3 NH 3X在普通溶剂中的混合物在单个步骤中沉积到介孔金属氧化物膜上。然而，钙钛矿的不受控制的沉淀产生大的形态变化，导致所得器件中光伏性能的广泛分布，这阻碍了实际应用的前景。在这里，我们描述了用于在多孔金属氧化物膜内形成钙钛矿颜料的顺序沉积方法。首先将PbI 2从溶液引入到纳米多孔二氧化钛膜中，随后通过将其暴露于CH 3 NH3 I溶液而转化为钙钛矿。我们发现，转换发生在纳米多孔主机内，只要两个组件接触，允许更好地控制钙钛矿形态比可能与以前采用的路线。使用这种技术制造固态介观太阳能电池大大提高了其性能的再现性，并使我们能够实现约15%的功率转换效率（在太阳天顶角，太阳光强度和电池温度的标准AM1.5G测试条件下测量）。这种两步法应该为制造具有前所未有的功率转换效率和高稳定性的溶液处理的光伏电池提供新的机会，所述高稳定性等于或甚至大于当今最好的薄膜光伏器件。
Following pioneering work(1), solution-processable organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites-such as CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I)-have attracted attention as light-harvesting materials for mesoscopic solar cells(2-15). So far, the perovskite pigment has been deposited in a single step onto mesoporous metal oxide films using a mixture of PbX2 and CH3NH3X in a common solvent. However, the uncontrolled precipitation of the perovskite produces large morphological variations, resulting in a wide spread of photovoltaic performance in the resulting devices, which hampers the prospects for practical applications. Here we describe a sequential deposition method for the formation of the perovskite pigment within the porous metal oxide film. PbI2 is first introduced from solution into a nanoporous titanium dioxide film and subsequently transformed into the perovskite by exposing it to a solution of CH3NH3I. We find that the conversion occurs within the nanoporous host as soon as the two components come into contact, permitting much better control over the perovskite morphology than is possible with the previously employed route. Using this technique for the fabrication of solid-state mesoscopic solar cells greatly increases the reproducibility of their performance and allows us to achieve a power conversion efficiency of approximately 15 per cent (measured under standard AM1.5G test conditions on solar zenith angle, solar light intensity and cell temperature). This two-step method should provide new opportunities for the fabrication of solution-processed photovoltaic cells with unprecedented power conversion efficiencies and high stability equal to or even greater than those of today's best thin-film photovoltaic devices.