Ecological disequilibria: the ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics.
Ecological disequilibria: the ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.230.4724.434
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发表时间：
1985-10
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
H. S. Horn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. S. Horn
青霉素的历史是现代医学成功的最戏剧性的故事之一。关于它的文章很多，它被用来证明一切，从实验室调查的偶然性（例如弗莱明在1928年首次发现发霉的培养皿）到战时密集项目组织的好处。这些活动的许多参与者发表了他们的叙述，并编写了许多传记。这些作品中的大多数都支持这样或那样的解释，或多或少地归功于亚历山大弗莱明，或霍华德弗洛里，或参与其中的一个或另一个机构或公司。一些历史学家试图弄清楚这幅画的某些部分，但很少有人通过广泛的文献进行斗争，并采访了仍然激烈争论的各方。霍比的通史具有所有早期方法的元素，但超出了狭隘的焦点或过于党派性的方法。Herselfa是哥伦比亚大学开发的两个主要早期实验阶段的核心参与者，
The history of penicillin is one of the most dramatic tales of the success of modern medical science. Much written about, it has been used as a demonstration of everything from the serendipitous nature of laboratory investigation (as witness Fleming's initial discovery of the moldy petri dish in 1928) to the benefits of wartime intensive project organization. Many participants in the events have published their accounts and numerous biographies have been produced. Most of these works have championed one or another interpretation, giving more or less credit to Alexander Fleming, or to Howard Florey, or to one or another of the institutions or corpora-tions involved. Some historians have tried to make sense of parts of the pic-ture, but fewhave fought through the extensive literature and interviewed on all sides of the still raging disputes. Hob-by's general history has elements of all the earlier approaches but extends be-yond a narrow focus or too partisan an approach. Herselfa central participant in two major early experimental phases of the development, at Columbia Universi-