Changing litter composition following the dual invasion of Amur honeysuckle and the emerald ash borer alters fungal driven decomposition in Midwestern forests
Changing litter composition following the dual invasion of Amur honeysuckle and the emerald ash borer alters fungal driven decomposition in Midwestern forests
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-023-03084-6
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发表时间：
2023-05
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Adam Reed;Carson A. Richardson;M. Rúa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adam Reed;Carson A. Richardson;M. Rúa
中西部森林目前受到两种主要入侵者的影响，即白蜡螟（EAB；Agrilus planipennis）和阿穆尔金银花（AHS；Lonicera maackii）。 EAB 入侵导致白蜡树 (Fraxinusspp.) 的损失可进一步促进 AHS 入侵，推动森林落叶物成分发生变化，反映出更多不稳定、更容易分解的凋落物。为了评估这些变化对生态系统功能的影响程度，我们使用糖枫 (Acer saccharum)、橡树 (Quercusspp.)、黑白蜡 (Fraxinus nigra)、绿白蜡 (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)、香料灌木 (Lindera 安息香) 和 AHS 的落叶进行了垃圾袋和基于培养物的分解实验。为了进一步了解导致腐烂率差异的机制，我们将六种分解真菌分别接种到单一物种和多物种（一半 AHS 和一半本地物种）落叶层中，并测量实验室培养物中的分解率、真菌生长和酶活性。与本地物种的落叶层相比，AHS 落叶层分解速度更快，真菌生长加快，碳降解酶活性更高。此外，多物种混合物遵循与 AHS 相同的模式，这表明将 AHS 添加到落叶层和本地凋落物中将加速与碳分解相关的生态系统功能。因此，经历 AHS 和 EAB 入侵导致的灰烬损失的森林可能有更快的分解速度，可能导致可用养分大量涌入。
Midwestern forests are currently impacted by two prominent invaders, the emerald ash borer (EAB;Agrilus planipennis) and Amur honeysuckle (AHS;Lonicera maackii). The loss of ash (Fraxinusspp.) trees due to EAB invasion can further facilitate AHS invasion, driving changes in the composition of forest leaf litter to reflect a greater portion of labile, more easily decomposed litter. To evaluate the extent to which these changes alter ecosystem function, we conducted litter bag and culture-based decomposition experiments using leaf litter from sugar maple (Acer saccharum), oak (Quercusspp.), black ash (Fraxinus nigra), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), spicebush (Lindera benzoin) and AHS. To further understand the mechanism driving differences in decay rates, we inoculated six species of decomposing fungi separately onto both single species and multispecies (half AHS and half native species) leaf litter and measured decomposition rate, fungal growth and enzymatic activity in laboratory-based cultures. AHS leaf litter decomposed faster, had increased fungal growth, and had higher activity for carbon degrading enzymes compared to native species leaf litter. Furthermore, multispecies mixtures followed the same patterns as AHS, suggesting that the addition of AHS to leaf litter to native litter will accelerate ecosystem functions related to carbon breakdown. Consequently, forests that experience the invasion of AHS and EAB induced loss of ash are likely to have faster rates of decomposition, potentially resulting in an influx of available nutrients.