Auditory processing deficits are sometimes necessary and sometimes sufficient for language difficulties in children: Evidence from mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss
Auditory processing deficits are sometimes necessary and sometimes sufficient for language difficulties in children: Evidence from mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2017.04.014
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Rosen, Stuart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halliday, Lorna F.;Tuomainen, Outi;Rosen, Stuart
有一个普遍的共识，许多儿童和成人阅读障碍和/或特定的语言障碍显示缺陷的听觉处理。然而，这些缺陷是如何与语言发育障碍是不确定的，至少有四类模型已被提出：单一远端原因模型，风险因素模型，关联模型和后果模型。本研究以轻度至中度感音神经性听力损失（MMHL）儿童为研究对象，探讨听觉处理缺陷与语言障碍之间的联系。我们研究了46名8-16岁MMHL儿童和44名年龄匹配的典型发育对照儿童的听觉处理和语言技能。听觉处理能力进行了评估，使用儿童友好的心理物理技术，以获得歧视阈值。刺激包括三种不同的时间尺度（μ s，ms，s）和三种不同的复杂程度（简单的非语音音调，复杂的非语音声音，语音声音），任务需要区分频率或幅度线索。使用语音处理、阅读、词汇和语法的一系列标准化评估来评估语言能力。我们发现三种不同的听觉加工能力与语言之间存在不同的关系：一般听觉加工能力的缺陷是语言困难的必要条件，但不是充分条件，并且与风险因素模型一致;慢速率幅度调制的缺陷（信封）检测是足够的，但不是必要的语言困难，并且与单一的远端原因或后果模型一致;并且在单一的言语对比（泰语vs /da/）的辨别中的缺陷对于语言困难既不是必要的也不是充分的，并且与关联模型一致。我们的研究结果表明，不同的听觉加工缺陷可能构成不同的和独立的路线发展的语言困难的儿童。(C)2017 Elsevier B. V.版权所有。
There is a general consensus that many children and adults with dyslexia and/or specific language impairment display deficits in auditory processing. However, how these deficits are related to developmental disorders of language is uncertain, and at least four categories of model have been proposed: single distal cause models, risk factor models, association models, and consequence models. This study used children with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (MMHL) to investigate the link between auditory processing deficits and language disorders. We examined the auditory processing and language skills of 46, 8-16 year-old children with MMHL and 44 age-matched typically developing controls. Auditory processing abilities were assessed using child-friendly psychophysical techniques in order to obtain discrimination thresholds. Stimuli incorporated three different timescales (mu s, ms, s) and three different levels of complexity (simple nonspeech tones, complex nonspeech sounds, speech sounds), and tasks required discrimination of frequency or amplitude cues. Language abilities were assessed using a battery of standardised assessments of phonological processing, reading, vocabulary, and grammar. We found evidence that three different auditory processing abilities showed different relationships with language: Deficits in a general auditory processing component were necessary but not sufficient for language difficulties, and were consistent with a risk factor model; Deficits in slow-rate amplitude modulation (envelope) detection were sufficient but not necessary for language difficulties, and were consistent with either a single distal cause or a consequence model; And deficits in the discrimination of a single speech contrast (Thai vs /da/) were neither necessary nor sufficient for language difficulties, and were consistent with an association model. Our findings suggest that different auditory processing deficits may constitute distinct and independent routes to the development of language difficulties in children. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.