Cannabis use disorder and the lungs
Cannabis use disorder and the lungs
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DOI：
10.1111/add.15075
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发表时间：
2020-04-28
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Hancox, Robert J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gracie, Kathryn;Hancox, Robert J.
大麻是世界上使用最广泛的娱乐性毒品之一，也是第二大最常吸食的物质。关于大麻和肺的研究受到其非法地位，大麻香烟（接头）的强度和大小的变化以及大多数大麻使用者也吸食烟草的事实的限制，使得影响难以分开。尽管存在这些困难，但现有证据表明，吸食大麻会引起支气管炎，并与肺功能的变化有关。其影响模式与烟草的影响模式惊人地不同。虽然吸食大麻似乎会在相当低的暴露量下增加严重支气管炎的风险，但没有令人信服的证据表明这会导致慢性阻塞性肺病。相反，大麻的使用与中心气道阻力增加、肺过度充气和更高的肺活量有关，几乎没有气流阻塞或气体转移受损的证据。大量大麻使用者中有许多关于严重大疱性肺病和气胸的报告，但缺乏关于肺气肿或肺泡破坏风险增加的令人信服的流行病学数据。大麻与肺癌之间的联系尚未得到证实，研究结果相互矛盾。
Cannabis is one of the world's most widely used recreational drugs and the second most commonly smoked substance. Research on cannabis and the lungs has been limited by its illegal status, the variability in strength and size of cannabis cigarettes (joints), and the fact that most cannabis users also smoke tobacco, making the effects difficult to separate. Despite these difficulties, the available evidence indicates that smoking cannabis causes bronchitis and is associated with changes in lung function. The pattern of effects is surprisingly different from that of tobacco. Whereas smoking cannabis appears to increase the risk of severe bronchitis at quite low exposure, there is no convincing evidence that this leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Instead, cannabis use is associated with increased central airway resistance, lung hyperinflation and higher vital capacity with little evidence of airflow obstruction or impairment of gas transfer. There are numerous reports of severe bullous lung disease and pneumothorax among heavy cannabis users, but convincing epidemiological data of an increased risk of emphysema or alveolar destruction are lacking. An association between cannabis and lung cancer remains unproven, with studies providing conflicting findings.