EFFECTS OF ATYPICAL EXEMPLARS ON RACIAL BELIEFS - ENLIGHTENED RACISM OR GENERALIZED APPRAISALS
EFFECTS OF ATYPICAL EXEMPLARS ON RACIAL BELIEFS - ENLIGHTENED RACISM OR GENERALIZED APPRAISALS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1006/jesp.1995.1003
复制
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
WANKE, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BODENHAUSEN, GV;SCHWARZ, N;WANKE, M
尽管与占多数的白人群体相比，非洲裔美国人作为一个群体在经济上处于不利地位，但黑人富裕的反例有很多。 非常成功的非裔美国人的媒体形象如何影响白人对非裔美国人整体经济或政治地位的看法？ 据报道，三项实验开始解决这个问题，它们秘密地激发了对非裔美国人成功的具体范例的思考，并观察了对黑人的一定程度的歧视的后果。 与开明种族主义的观点相反，该观点声称富裕的非裔美国人的形象被白人观众视为黑人成功缺乏歧视性障碍的证据。 实验一表明，事先激活一个成功的、广受欢迎的黑人榜样会导致当代社会对歧视的看法增加。 实验2复制了这种效应，并进一步表明，这种效应仅限于广受欢迎的成功典范。成功的榜样并没有使受试者对歧视的看法产生任何变化。 最后，实验3表明，当人们首先想到这些榜样是群体中的非典型成员这一事实时，成功的、受欢迎的榜样的影响就会消失。 这些发现是根据广义评估过程进行讨论的，其中暂时突出的外群体范例影响群体间的态度，而群体间的态度反过来又通过态度启发影响对群体的判断和信念。 (C) 1995 学术出版社
Although African-Americans as a group are economically disadvantaged compared to the white majority group, there are numerous salient counterexamples of black affluence. How do media images of highly successful African-Americans affect Whites' beliefs about the economic or political status of African-Americans as a whole? Three experiments are reported that begin to address this question by surreptitiously activating thoughts about specific exemplars of African-American success and observing the consequences for a measure of perceived discrimination against Blacks. Contrary to the Enlightened Racism perspective, which claims that images of affluent African-Americans are taken by white audiences as evidence of a lack of discriminatory barriers to black success. Experiment 1 revealed that prior activation of a successful, well-liked black exemplar resulted in increased perceptions of discrimination in contemporary society. Experiment 2 replicated this effect and showed further that it is limited to successful exemplars who are well liked; successful exemplars about whom subjects had more neutral attitudes did not produce any changes in perceptions of discrimination. Finally, Experiment 3 showed that the effect of successful, well-liked exemplars vanishes when people first think about the fact that the exemplars are atypical members of the group. These findings are discussed in terms of a generalized appraisal process in which momentarily salient outgroup exemplars influence intergroup attitudes, which in turn affect judgments and beliefs about the group via an attitude heuristic. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.