Ochratoxin production by the Aspergillus ochraceus group and Aspergillus alliaceus
Ochratoxin production by the Aspergillus ochraceus group and Aspergillus alliaceus
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.68.5.2326-2329.2002
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Mahoney, NE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bayman, P;Baker, JL;Mahoney, NE
赭曲霉毒素A是一种有毒和致癌的真菌次级代谢产物，其在食品中的存在越来越受到监管。已知多种真菌产生赭曲霉毒素，但不知道哪些物种持续产生赭曲霉毒素，哪些物种导致各种作物的赭曲霉毒素污染。我们从加州的树坚果园、坚果和无花果中分离出赭曲霉菌群（Circumdati组）和蒜曲霉菌。共72个菌株在马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤和酵母提取物-蔗糖肉汤中于30 ℃培养10天，并通过高压液相色谱法进行体外赭曲霉毒素A的产生测试。在来自加州无花果、树坚果和果园的分离物中，A.赭曲霉和蜜曲霉是最常见的菌种。无A. ochraceus或A. Melleus产生的赭曲霉毒素A高于检测水平（0.01 μ g/ml）。全是A。大蒜分离物产生赭曲霉毒素A，高达30 μ g/ml。我们检查了50，000个无花果的真菌感染，并测量了具有可见真菌菌落的无花果中的赭曲霉毒素含量。感染A.大蒜中含有赭曲霉毒素A，无花果中含有赭曲霉毒素A。赭曲霉菌组几乎没有或没有，而青霉菌感染的无花果则没有。这些结果表明，鲜为人知的物种A。在加州，大蒜是一种重要的产生赭曲霉毒素的真菌，它可能是无花果中偶尔观察到的赭曲霉毒素污染的原因。
Ochratoxin A is a toxic and carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolite; its presence in foods is increasingly regulated. Various fungi are known to produce ochratoxins, but it is not known which species produce ochratoxins consistently and which species cause ochratoxin contamination of various crops. We isolated fungi in the Aspergillus ochraceus group (section Circumdati) and Aspergillus alliaceus from tree nut orchards, nuts, and figs in California. A total of 72 isolates were grown in potato dextrose broth and yeast extract-sucrose broth for 10 days at 30degreesC and tested for production of ochratoxin A in vitro by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Among isolates from California figs, tree nuts, and orchards, A. ochraceus and Aspergillus melleus were the most common species. No field isolates of A. ochraceus or A. melleus produced ochratoxin A above the level of detection (0.01 mug/ml). All A. alliaceus isolates produced ochratoxin A, up to 30 mug/ml. We examined 50,000 figs for fungal infections and measured ochratoxin content in figs with visible fungal colonies. Pooled figs infected with A. alliaceus contained ochratoxin A, figs infected with the A. ochraceus group had little or none, and figs infected with Penicillium had none. These results suggest that the little-known species A. alliaceus is an important ochratoxin-producing fungus in California and that it may be responsible for the ochratoxin contamination occasionally observed in figs.