Mitochondrial DNA reveals Pleistocenic colonisation of the Mediterranean by loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta)
Mitochondrial DNA reveals Pleistocenic colonisation of the Mediterranean by loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jembe.2012.10.011
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Cardona, Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clusa, Marcel;Carreras, Carlos;Cardona, Luis
由于红海龟（Caretta caretta）是一种具有强大遗传结构的嗜食性物种，因此mtDNA的分析可用于跟踪进化和殖民事件。在这项研究中，我们使用遗传学的方法来了解C caretta在地中海的人口结构，并测试红海龟是否可以在更新世期间殖民地中海，并在温暖的避难所中度过寒冷的阶段。我们扩增了一个长的mtDNA D-环片段（815 bp）从168个死亡的孵出的样品从选择的rookeries在东地中海：利比亚，以色列，黎巴嫩，塞浦路斯和希腊。分析中还纳入了以前发表的土耳其和卡拉布里亚（意大利南部）的数据。在利比亚筑巢的人口成为地中海最古老的人口，可追溯到更新世。65，000年前（20，000 - 200，000）。这表明，利比亚人可能在末次冰期结束前就已在地中海盆地定居。除卡拉布里亚外，其余的筑巢地点随后随着人口的增长而被殖民。在土耳其东部和希腊西部筑巢的人口定居在约。30，000年前（10，000 - 100，000），而其余的人口起源于更近的全新世扩张的结果。由于卡拉布里亚提出了一个独特的大西洋单倍型，在地中海其他地方没有发现，我们认为这个筑巢地点作为一个独立的殖民活动的结果，从大西洋，而不是最近传播的地中海人口。这表明，目前的遗传结构的C caretta rookeries在地中海将是至少两个殖民事件的结果，从大西洋，最古老的一个在利比亚和最近的卡拉布里亚，结合当地的arcentions在更新世冰川和重新殖民从冰川避难所在利比亚，土耳其东部和希腊西部。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
As the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) is a philopatric species with a strong genetic structure, the analysis of mtDNA can be used to track evolutionary and colonisation events. In this study we use a genetic approach to understand the population structure of C caretta in the Mediterranean Sea and to test whether loggerheads could have colonised the Mediterranean during the Pleistocene and survived the cold phases in warm refugia. We amplified a long mtDNA D-loop fragment (815 bp) from 168 dead hatchlings sampled from a selection of rookeries in the Eastern Mediterranean: Libya, Israel, Lebanon, Cyprus and Greece. Previously published data from Turkey and Calabria (Southern Italy) were also included in the analyses. The population nesting in Libya emerged as the oldest population in the Mediterranean, dating from the Pleistocene ca. 65,000 years ago (20,000-200,000). This reveals that the Libyan population might have settled in the Mediterranean basin before the end of the last glacial period. The remaining nesting sites, except Calabria, were subsequently colonised as the population expanded. The populations nesting in Eastern Turkey and Western Greece settled ca. 30,000 years ago (10,000-100,000), whereas the remaining populations originated as a result of a more recent Holocenic expansion. As Calabria presented a unique Atlantic haplotype, found nowhere else in the Mediterranean, we consider this nesting site as the result of an independent colonisation event from the Atlantic and not the recent spread of Mediterranean populations. This reveals that the current genetic structure of C caretta rookeries in the Mediterranean would be the result of at least two colonisation events from the Atlantic, the oldest one in Libya and a most recent in Calabria, combined with local extinctions during Pleistocenic glaciations and re-colonisations from glacial refugia in Libya, Eastern Turkey and Western Greece. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.