Rapid removal of organic micropollutants from water by a porous β-cyclodextrin polymer
Rapid removal of organic micropollutants from water by a porous β-cyclodextrin polymer
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DOI：
10.1038/nature16185
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发表时间：
2016-01-14
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Dichtel, William R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alsbaiee, Alaaeddin;Smith, Brian J.;Dichtel, William R.
全球水资源中有机微污染物（例如农药和药物）的出现引发了人们对水生生态系统和人类健康潜在负面影响的担忧（1-5）。活性炭是用于从水中去除有机污染物的最广泛的吸附剂材料，但它们有几个缺点，包括污染物吸收缓慢（数小时）（6，7）和许多相对亲水性微污染物的去除效果差（8）。此外，再生废活性炭是能源密集型的（需要加热到500-900摄氏度），并且不能完全恢复性能（9，10）。β-环糊精的不溶性聚合物，一种廉价的、可持续生产的葡萄糖大环，同样对通过吸附从水中去除微污染物感兴趣（11）。已知β-环糊精包封污染物以形成明确的主体-客体复合物，但迄今为止，与常规活性炭相比，交联的β-环糊精聚合物具有低表面积和差的去除性能（11-13）。在这里，我们交联β-环糊精与刚性芳族基团，提供高表面积，β-环糊精的介孔聚合物。它能迅速螯合各种有机微量污染物，其吸附速率常数比活性炭和无孔β-环糊精吸附剂材料高15至200倍（7、8、11 -13）。此外，聚合物可以使用温和的洗涤程序再生多次，而不会损失性能。最后，该聚合物在快速去除环境相关浓度的有机微污染物的复杂混合物方面优于领先的活性炭。这些发现证明了多孔环糊精基聚合物用于快速、流通水处理的前景。
The global occurrence in water resources of organic micropollutants, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals, has raised concerns about potential negative effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health(1-5). Activated carbons are the most widespread adsorbent materials used to remove organic pollutants from water but they have several deficiencies, including slow pollutant uptake (of the order of hours)(6,7) and poor removal of many relatively hydrophilic micropollutants(8). Furthermore, regenerating spent activated carbon is energy intensive (requiring heating to 500-900 degrees Celsius) and does not fully restore performance(9,10). Insoluble polymers of beta-cyclodextrin, an inexpensive, sustainably produced macrocycle of glucose, are likewise of interest for removing micropollutants from water by means of adsorption(11). beta-cyclodextrin is known to encapsulate pollutants to form well-defined host-guest complexes, but until now cross-linked beta-cyclodextrin polymers have had low surface areas and poor removal performance compared to conventional activated carbons(11-13). Here we crosslink beta-cyclodextrin with rigid aromatic groups, providing a high-surface-area, mesoporous polymer of beta-cyclodextrin. It rapidly sequesters a variety of organic micropollutants with adsorption rate constants 15 to 200 times greater than those of activated carbons and non-porous beta-cyclodextrin adsorbent materials(7,8,11-13). In addition, the polymer can be regenerated several times using a mild washing procedure with no loss in performance. Finally, the polymer outperformed a leading activated carbon for the rapid removal of a complex mixture of organic micropollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations. These findings demonstrate the promise of porous cyclodextrin-based polymers for rapid, flow-through water treatment.