Efficiency and accuracy of visual search develop at different rates from early childhood through early adulthood
Efficiency and accuracy of visual search develop at different rates from early childhood through early adulthood
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-020-01712-z
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发表时间：
2020-02-10
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Wolfe, Jeremy M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gil-Gomez de Liano, Beatriz;Quiros-Godoy, Maria;Wolfe, Jeremy M.
大多数关于生命周期视觉搜索的研究都集中在经典特征和连接搜索上，在这种搜索中，观察者在多个试验块中从相对均匀的干扰物中寻找固定的、简单的形状目标。在目前的研究中，我们研究了一个更现实的任务，参与者（4到25岁）寻找真实物体的图像，在其他物体的异质阵列中呈现。每个试验的目标都是独特的，不像以前的视觉搜索的发展研究。我们新的基于触摸屏的“海盗宝藏”搜索也允许在类似视频游戏的任务中测试年幼的孩子。用这种方法，我们测试了一个大样本（n = 293）典型发育的儿童和年轻人。我们评估了不同搜索指标的发展过程，如搜索效率、运动反应差异和准确性（遗漏和误报错误）。结果表明，在发展的时间过程中，精度是最快的。搜索斜率到达年轻人水平的速度最慢。反应时间（RT） x集合大小函数的截距通常归因于任务的非搜索感知和运动成分。截距时间轨迹介于精度和斜率之间。有趣的是，这些发展功能遵循执行功能发展的神经心理学模型中提出的时间过程。这表明，在认知发展的常规评估中，一个类似视频游戏的单一搜索任务可能是有用的。
Most studies of visual search across the life span have focused on classic feature and conjunction searches in which observers search for a fixed, simple shape target among relatively homogeneous distractors over a block of multiple trials. In the present study, we examine a more realistic task in which participants (4 to 25 years-old) look for images of real objects, presented amongst a heterogeneous array of other objects. The target is unique on every trial, unlike in previous developmental studies of visual search. Our new touchscreen-based "Pirate-Treasure" search also allows the testing of younger children within a video-game-like task. With this method, we tested a large sample (n = 293) of typically developing children and young adults. We assessed the developmental course of different search metrics like search efficiency, motor response differences, and accuracy (misses and false-alarm errors). Results show the most rapid time courses in development for accuracy. Search slopes reach the young adult level most slowly. The intercepts of the Reaction Time (RT) x Set Size function are often attributed to nonsearch perceptual and motor components of the task. The intercept time course is intermediate between accuracy and slope. Interestingly, these developmental functions follow time courses proposed in neuropsychological models of executive function development. This suggests that a single, video-game-like search task could be useful in routine assessments of cognitive development.