Converting Iron Corrosion Product to Nanostructured Conducting Polymers: Synthetic Strategies and Applications
Converting Iron Corrosion Product to Nanostructured Conducting Polymers: Synthetic Strategies and Applications
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DOI：
10.1021/accountsmr.3c00031
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发表时间：
2023-06
影响因子：
14.6
通讯作者：
Yifan Diao;Haoru Yang;Yang Lu;Hongmin Wang;Reagan Woon;Alina Chow;Chiemela Izima;Brandon Chow;Julio M. D’Arcy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yifan Diao;Haoru Yang;Yang Lu;Hongmin Wang;Reagan Woon;Alina Chow;Chiemela Izima;Brandon Chow;Julio M. D’Arcy
铁的腐蚀产物，通常称为锈，是铁和氧气在水的存在下发生化学反应而形成的。它是一种由多相组成的异质固态材料，在整个宇宙中无处不在。铁腐蚀产物在不同温度、pH值和压力下自然存在16种不同的相。锈的种类，如赤铁矿（α-Fe 2 O3），磁赤铁矿（γ-Fe 2 O3），针铁矿（α-FeOOH）和纤铁矿（γ- FeOOH），首次记录约。公元前800年，组成了由铁氧化物、氢氧化物和氢氧化物组成的固态化学家族。在人类活动的范围内，生锈是各种工程和工业追求中的一个持续性问题。腐蚀是渐进的和非歧视性的，影响到各种形状和大小的铁结构，从桥梁和建筑物到管道和电线，这需要在防锈和除锈技术上花费大量资金。臭名昭著的“锈带”被通俗地用来描述美国工业急剧衰退的地区，并唤起了数十年废弃的钢铁工厂生锈的形象。因此，铁腐蚀产物通常被认为是公众眼中的变质症状和忽视的物理表现。然而，在这种“废物”材料中存在着宝贵的科学潜力。锈是化学稳定的，廉价的，易于加工的，并且是铁离子（Fe 3+）的丰富来源，因此是开发化学反应的有吸引力的氧化候选物。具有+0.77 V的标准还原电位的三价铁离子是一种氧化剂，其在高导电共轭聚合物如聚（3，4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）（PEDOT）和聚吡咯（PPy）的合成中被充分研究。此外，三价铁离子的水解产物形成了各种纳米结构，为导电聚合物提供了多样化的生长模板，包括棒状赤铁矾（β-FeOOH）、纤维状针铁矿（α-FeOOH）、二维片状氯氧化铁（FeOCl）和球形/立方体赤铁矿（α-Fe 2 O3）。我们介绍了我们独特的合成策略，包括防锈和推进纳米结构导电聚合物化学合成的最新技术。我们利用铁锈的产物、铁锈液滴和铁锈界面合成纳米结构导电聚合物，包括铁锈基气相聚合（RVPP）、气溶胶气相聚合（AVP）和冷凝气相聚合（CVPP）。由于高电导率和高表面积，纳米结构导电聚合物正在成为储能装置中电极材料的热点（即，超级电容器）和太阳能电池。在本报告的第二部分，我们将讨论如何将我们独特的合成策略与传统材料和制造技术相结合，生产出具有高品质因数性能的器件。这些器件包括作为概念验证能量存储砖石材料的砖超级电容器，具有上级和低成本电极工程策略的3D微型超级电容器，以及比薄锂电池更大的高能量密度，以及具有成本效益制造的效率上级Pt的染料敏化太阳能电池。
ConspectusIron corrosion product, commonly known as rust, forms from the chemical reaction between iron and oxygen in the presence of water. It is a heterogeneous solid-state material composed of multiple phases and is ubiquitous throughout the universe. Sixteen distinct phases of iron corrosion product exist naturally under different temperature, pH, and pressure. Rust species such as hematite (α- Fe2O3), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), goethite (α-FeOOH), and lepidocrocite (γ- FeOOH), first documented ca. 800 BCE, make up the solid-state chemical family composed of iron oxides, oxyhydroxides, and hydroxides. On an anthropogenic scale, rust represents a persistent problem to all manner of engineering and industrial pursuits. Corrosion is gradual and nondiscriminatory, affecting iron structures of all shapes and sizes from bridges and buildings to pipelines and wires that necessitates considerable spending on rust prevention and removal techniques. The infamous “Rust Belt” is colloquially used to describe regions of the United States characterized by sharp industrial decline and evokes images of derelict steel factories rusted over from decades of disuse. Therefore, iron corrosion product is commonly regarded as a symptom of deterioration and a physical manifestation of neglect in the eyes of the public. Yet, invaluable scientific potential exists within this “waste” material.Rust is thermodynamically stable, inexpensive, easily processable, and an abundant source of ferric ions (Fe3+) and therefore serves as an attractive oxidative candidate for developing chemical reactions. The ferric ion, with a standard reduction potential of +0.77 V, is an oxidizing agent that is well-investigated in the syntheses of highly conductive conjugated polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polypyrrole (PPy). Additionally, hydrolysis products of ferric ions form various nanostructures and provide diversified growing template for conducting polymers, including rod-shape akageneite (β-FeOOH), fiber-shape goethite (α-FeOOH), 2D sheet iron oxychloride (FeOCl), and spherical/cubic hematite (α-Fe2O3).In this Account, we introduce our unique synthetic strategies that involve rust and advance the state-of-the-art in chemical synthesis of nanostructured conducting polymers. We utilize products from rust, droplets with rust, and interfaces containing rust to synthesize nanostructured conducting polymer including rust-based vapor-phase polymerization (RVPP), aerosol vapor polymerization (AVP), and condensing vapor-phase polymerization (CVPP). Owing to the high conductivity and high surface area, nanostructured conducting polymers are emerging as hotspots for electrode materials in energy storage devices (i.e., supercapacitors) and solar cells. In the second part of this Account, we discuss how combining our unique synthetic strategies with conventional materials and fabrication techniques produces devices with high figure of merit performance. These devices include a brick supercapacitor as proof-of-concept energy storage masonry material, a 3D microsupercapacitor with a superior and low-cost electrode engineering strategy as well as high energy density larger than a thin-lithium battery, and a dye-sensitized solar cell with an efficiency superior to that of Pt with cost-effective fabrication.