Understanding the Functions of Longevity Genes in Drosophila
Understanding the Functions of Longevity Genes in Drosophila
复制标题
了解果蝇长寿基因的功能
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-16-7977-3_7
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Toshiro Aigaki and Manabu Tsuda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
中村葵;中村元計;中野久美子;網塚貴彦;原田歩実;石井真紀;山崎 英惠;伏木亨;Toshiro Aigaki and Manabu Tsuda
果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）一直是研究衰老和长寿的极好模式生物。通过正向和反向遗传学方法已经确定了一些影响寿命的基因。从历史上看，抗氧化基因是研究其在衰老和长寿中作用的第一个目标，正如“衰老的自由基理论”所预测的那样。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（Cat）和硫氧还蛋白（TRX）已被转基因果蝇检测。SOD和TRX具有多个拷贝，每个拷贝具有独特的表达模式和功能特性。下一个目标是胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）信号通路，该通路控制生长、体型、抗氧化应激和寿命。Jun N-末端激酶（JNK）信号通路在氧化应激和长寿的生物生理调节中起着关键作用。最近，一个新兴的目标是表观遗传机制，它似乎通过新的途径控制寿命。
The fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster, has been an excellent model organism to study aging and longevity. A number of genes affecting longevity have been identified by forward and reverse genetic approaches. Historically, antioxidant genes were the first target to study their roles in aging and longevity, as predicted by the “free radical theory of aging.” Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (Cat), and thioredoxin (TRX) have been examined with transgenic flies. SOD and TRX have multiple copies, each of which has a unique expression pattern and functional property. The next target was the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway, which controls growth, body size, oxidative stress resistance, and longevity. The Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating organismal physiology upon oxidative stress and longevity. More recently, an emerging target is epigenetic mechanisms, which appear to control longevity with novel pathways.