Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building
Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building
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DOI：
10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.102
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Guangling Zhao;J. Searle;Joanna Clarke;M. Roberts;S. Allen;Jenny Baker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guangling Zhao;J. Searle;Joanna Clarke;M. Roberts;S. Allen;Jenny Baker
建筑物的能源消耗约占欧洲最终能源消耗的36%，是最大的最终用户。英国政府已承诺将温室气体（GHG）排放量从1990年的水平减少100%，并在2050年之前将所有GHG排放量降至净零。为了支持这些目标的实现，制定了活动建筑的概念，它是指任何建筑类型，例如工厂，办公室，住宅和建筑环境中的其他结构，这些建筑都配备有保护，发电，储存，释放能量越来越多的屋顶光伏系统的部署推动了能量存储的增长，以捕获太阳能供以后在建筑物中使用。Active Office于2018年在英国斯旺西大学建成，是一座两层的办公楼。其能源需求，包括电动汽车充电，主要由23千瓦的建筑集成光伏（BIPV）和110千瓦的锂离子（Li-ion）电池来满足。当BIPV和电池无法满足需求时，可以使用电网提供的电力。本研究的目的是评估BIPV和锂离子电池的建筑能源系统的潜在环境影响，以及解决锂离子电池的寿命和退化及其相关后果。生命周期评价（LCA）在本研究中。针对电网、BIPV和锂离子电池之间的相互作用，设计了三种操作策略。在最佳的运营情况下，使用滚动平均值来预测建筑物的发电量和消耗量，建筑物运营的GWP为33 g/kWh，与电网排放量170 g/kWh相比减少了5倍。最坏情况下的建筑运营策略产生的排放量为128 g/kWh，这仍然是对国家电网单独供电的改进。该分析表明，与单独使用电网电力相比，运营策略优化可以减少主动建筑概念对环境的影响。
The energy consumption of buildings accounts for approximately 36 % of the final energy consumption in Europe, being the largest end-user. The UK government has committed to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 100 % below 1990 levels and bring all GHG emissions to net-zero by 2050.To support the realisation of these goals the concept of an Active Building was formulated which refers to any building type, such as factories, offices, homes, and other structures in the built environment, which are equipped to conserve, generate, store, and release energy. The increasing deployment of rooftop photovoltaics drives the growth of energy storage to capture solar energy for later use in buildings. The Active Office was built at Swansea University, UK in 2018 and is a two-story office building. Its energy demand, including that of electric vehicle charging, is primarily met by the 23 kWp of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and 110 kW of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. When the BIPV and batteries are unable to meet the demand, electricity supplied from the grid can be used.The objective of the research is to assess the potential environmental impacts of the building energy system of BIPV and Li-ion batteries, as well as to address the lifetime and degradation of Li-ion batteries, and the associated consequences. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is employed in this research. Three operational strategies are designed regarding the interactions between the electrical grid, BIPV, and Li-ion batteries. In the best case operational scenario, using a rolling average to predict building generation and consumption, the GWP from the building operation is 33 g/kWh which is a 5 fold reduction compared with the grid emissions of 170 g/kWh. The worst case building operational strategy creates emissions of 128 g/kWh, it is still an improvement upon electricity supply by the national grid alone. This analysis demonstrates that operational strategy optimisation can reduce the environmental impacts of the Active Building concept compared with using grid electricity alone.