The effect of adapting cultivars on the water use efficiency of dryland maize (Zea mays L.) in northwestern China
The effect of adapting cultivars on the water use efficiency of dryland maize (Zea mays L.) in northwestern China
复制标题
适应品种对西北地区旱地玉米（Zea mays L.）水分利用效率的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.010
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-31
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Zhao, Ying
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bu, Lingduo;Chen, Xinping;Zhao, Ying
预计全球变暖将对作物生产力产生不利影响，并对可持续发展和粮食安全构成巨大挑战，特别是在旱地地区。先前的研究已经发现，适应性作物品种可以有效抵消气候变暖的影响；然而，人们对适应气候变暖的品种的水利用知之甚少。我们分析了从 1960 年开始中国西北黄土高原的变暖趋势。特别是自 1980 年以来，气候变暖显着，过去 30 年的生长度日（GDD，从 4 月到 9 月）增加了 260-330 摄氏度。如果玉米品种保持不变，过去30年单产潜力将下降0.39-1.83 t ha(-1)。与此同时，历史玉米品种的使用导致黄土高原地区水分利用效率（WUE）显着下降。根据每十年 GDD 的增长情况，我们建议种植适应性晚熟玉米品种以提高生产力。与历史品种相比，适应的晚熟品种使黄土高原玉米生长周期平均延长27 d，产量潜力提高24.2-64.8%，WUE提高9.0-38.1%。然而，适应的成熟品种可能会增加耗水量（ET），这对于可持续旱地农业尤其是干旱地区来说是不利的。因此，继续开发集水技术（例如地膜覆盖）将有助于抵消降雨量的减少，并保证干旱地区的粮食安全和可持续性。 (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Global warming is predicted to have adverse effects on crop productivity and will present an enormous challenge to sustainable development and food security, especially in dryland regions. Prior studies have identified that adapted crop cultivars could effectively act to offset the effects of climate warming; however, the water use of adapted cultivars subject to climate warming is much less understood. We analysed warming trends across the Loess Plateau in north-western China beginning in 1960. There has been significant warming, especially since 1980, with an increase in the growing degree days (GDD, from April to September) of 260-330 degrees C being observed over the past 30 years. If the maize cultivars had remained unchanged, the decreased yield potential would have been 0.39-1.83 t ha(-1) over the last 30 years. Meanwhile, the use of historical maize varieties has resulted in significantly decreased water use efficiency (WUE) across the Loess Plateau. Based on the increase in the GDD in each decade, we suggest planting adapted later-maturing maize cultivars to improve productivity. Compared with historical cultivars, the adapted later-maturing varieties significantly prolonged the maize growing cycle by an average of 27 d, thereby increasing the yield potential by 24.2-64.8% and the WUE by 9.0-38.1% throughout the Loess Plateau. However, the adapted maturing varieties may increase the water consumption (ET), which is the disadvantage for sustainable dryland farming, especially in dry regions. Hence, continuing to develop water-harvesting techniques (e.g., plastic film mulching) will help to offset the decreasing rainfall and guarantee food security and sustainability in dry regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.