Revision of agents of black-grain eumycetoma in the order Pleosporales
Revision of agents of black-grain eumycetoma in the order Pleosporales
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DOI：
10.3767/003158514x684744
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
de Hoog, G. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahmed, S. A.;van de Sande, W. W. J.;de Hoog, G. S.
真菌瘤是一种慢性真菌感染，其特征是皮下肿块较大，且有鼻窦分泌有色颗粒。黑粒真菌病的病原菌主要属于索氏菌目和毛孢菌目。本研究的目的是阐明侧孢菌素的系统发育和分类学。Maduella grisea，Medicopsis romeroi(syn.：Pyrenochaeta romeroi)，Nigrograna mackinnon ii(syn.Prenochaeta mackinnon ii)、森氏钩端螺旋体(Leptosphaeria Senegalensis)、托普金氏钩端螺旋体(L.tompkinsii)和假毛藻幼虫(Pseudochaetophaerema Larense)。根据内转录间隔区(ITS)、大(LSU)和小(SSU)亚单位核糖体RNA、第二大RNA聚合酶亚单位(RPB2)和翻译延长因子1-α(TEF1)基因进行了系统发育分析。此外，还对其形态和生理特性进行了测定。有3个种在科和属水平上得到了很好的分辨。Madurella grisea、L.senegalensis和L.tompkinsii隶属于雷公藤科，被重新归类为雷公藤属(Trematosphaeria grisea comb.)Nov.、镰刀菌属Falciformispora senegalens comb.Nov.和烟叶霉F.tompkinsii comb.11月罗氏紫花苜蓿和幼体拟毛藻在系统发育上有较远的亲缘关系，两个名称都被接受。该属被归结为双孢子菌的异名，因此被重新分类为B.mackinnon ii梳子。11月Pleosporales中的真菌病原体尽管在形态上相似，但除了子囊孢子菌属Falciformispora(以前在钩端螺旋体属中)外，它们在系统发育上有很大的差异。大多数被诊断为人类真菌瘤的物种被发现与水生或海洋真菌有关，这表明毒力因子与寡养性或耐盐性有关。
Eumycetoma is a chronic fungal infection characterised by large subcutaneous masses and the presence of sinuses discharging coloured grains. The causative agents of black-grain eumycetoma mostly belong to the orders Sordariales and Pleosporales. The aim of the present study was to clarify the phylogeny and taxonomy of pleosporalean agents, viz. Madurella grisea, Medicopsis romeroi (syn.: Pyrenochaeta romeroi), Nigrograna mackinnonii (syn. Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii), Leptosphaeria senegalensis, L. tompkinsii, and Pseudochaetosphaeronema larense. A phylogenetic analysis based on five loci was performed: the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), large (LSU) and small (SSU) subunit ribosomal RNA, the second largest RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) gene. In addition, the morphological and physiological characteristics were determined. Three species were well-resolved at the family and genus level. Madurella grisea, L. senegalensis, and L. tompkinsii were found to belong to the family Trematospheriaceae and are reclassified as Trematosphaeria grisea comb. nov., Falciformispora senegalensis comb. nov., and F. tompkinsii comb. nov. Medicopsis romeroi and Pseudochaetosphaeronema larense were phylogenetically distant and both names are accepted. The genus Nigrograna is reduced to synonymy of Biatriospora and therefore N. mackinnonii is reclassified as B. mackinnonii comb. nov. Mycetoma agents in Pleosporales were phylogenetically quite diverse despite their morphological similarity in the formation of pycnidia, except for the ascosporulating genus Falciformispora (formerly in Leptosphaeria). Most of the species diagnosed from human mycetoma were found to be related to waterborne or marine fungi, suggesting an association of the virulence factors with oligotrophism or halotolerance.