A dosage response curve for the one rad range: adult risks from diagnostic radiation.
A dosage response curve for the one rad range: adult risks from diagnostic radiation.
复制标题
一拉德范围的剂量响应曲线：诊断辐射的成人风险。
DOI：
10.2105/ajph.69.2.130
复制
发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
S. Falen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Bross;M. Ball;S. Falen
大多数低水平电离辐射，包括诊断X射线和核辐射，都发生在100毫拉德和10拉德之间-“1拉德范围”。过去，这一范围内的危害估计数是通过线性外推法从受高得多的剂量照射的人的数据中得出的，一般在非恶性疾病放射治疗所用的厘拉德范围内。本文介绍了第一个剂量反应曲线的一个拉德的范围内以往任何时候都是直接从数据的男子暴露于普通诊断辐射。这些发现是基于大约220名非淋巴性白血病男性和270多名来自三州调查的随机样本对照。新的研究结果表明，以前通过从高剂量水平外推到低剂量水平而获得的估计数低估了实际危害的数量级。新的剂量反应曲线表明，线性外推法失败，因为它忽略了一般人群中特别容易受到X射线影响的亚组。将医用X射线用于筛查或日常用途会产生直接影响。过去的风险-受益计算是基于推断性估计，需要进行重大修订。X射线的使用以前是边缘的，现在显然是相反的。
Most exposure to low-level ionizing radiation, both diagnostic x-rays and nuclear radiation, occur in the range between 100 milirads and 10 rads--the "one rad range". In the past, the estimates of hazards in this range have been obtained by linear extrapolation from data on persons who were exposed to much higher dosages, generally in the centirad range used in radiotherapy of non-malignant disease. This article presents the first dosage response curve for the one rad range ever to be developed directly from data on men exposed to ordinary diagnostic radiation. The findings are based on approximately 220 men with non-lymphatic leukemia and more than 270 random-sample controls from the Tri-State Survey. The new findings suggest that the estimates previously obtained by extrapolation from high dosage levels to low dose levels underestimate the actual hazards by an order of magnitude. The new dosage response curves indicate that linear extrapolation fails because it disregards the subgroups in the general population that are particularly vulnerable to x-ray. There are immediate implications concerning the use of medical x-rays in screening or for routine purposes. The past risk-benefit calculations are based on extrapolative estimates and require drastic revision. Uses of x-ray which were previously marginal are now clearly counterindicated.