A cross-country study of cigarette prices and affordability: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
A cross-country study of cigarette prices and affordability: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050413
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Asma, Samira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kostova, Deliana;Chaloupka, Frank J.;Asma, Samira
目的描述15个国家香烟消费的两个主要决定因素的特征：香烟负担能力和香烟价格范围（以及比迪，如适用）。通过这种跨国比较，找出可能存在通过税收调整来减少消费的机会的地方。数据来自15个国家的45，838名吸烟者的自我回答数据，来自2008- 2011年全球成人烟草调查（GATS）。设计使用关于个人卷烟支出和消费的自我回答数据，我们构建了一个衡量标准，衡量15个国家的吸烟者为制造的卷烟支付的平均卷烟价格（以及适用的比迪斯）。我们使用这些价格来评估香烟的可负担性和每个国家的价格范围。这些调查得出的措施，卷烟价格和负担能力是唯一适合跨国比较，因为他们代表了每个国家的独特组合的个人消费特征，如品牌选择，消费强度，和购买behavior.Results在这个样本的国家，香烟是最实惠的俄罗斯，其中有最大的空间烟草税的增加。在巴西和中国，香烟的价格相对较高，在印度和孟加拉国，比迪烟的价格相对较高。虽然印度的卷烟价格负担能力相对较低，但卷烟价格支付的范围相对较高，这为支持简化现有税收结构和减少价格选择宽度的呼吁提供了额外的证据。中国既有高负担能力，又有广泛的价格范围，这表明通过税收调整减少消费的机会很多。
Objective To describe the characteristics of two primary determinants of cigarette consumption: cigarette affordability and the range of prices paid for cigarettes (and bidis, where applicable) in a set of 15 countries. From this cross-country comparison, identify places where opportunities may exist for reducing consumption through tax adjustments.Data Self-response data from 45,838 smokers from 15 countries, obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2008-2011.Design Using self-response data on individual cigarette expenditure and consumption, we construct a measure of the average cigarette price smokers pay for manufactured cigarettes (and bidis, where applicable) in 15 countries. We use these prices to evaluate cigarette affordability and the range of prices available in each country. These survey-derived measures of cigarette price and affordability are uniquely suited for cross-country comparison because they represent each country's distinctive mix of individual consumption characteristics such as brand choice, intensity of consumption, and purchasing behavior.Results In this sample of countries, cigarettes are most affordable in Russia, which has the most room for tobacco tax increase. Affordability is also relatively high in Brazil and China for cigarettes, and in India and Bangladesh for bidis. Although the affordability of cigarettes in India is relatively low, the range of cigarette prices paid is relatively high, providing additional evidence to support the call for simplifying the existing tax structure and reducing the width of price options. China has both high affordability and wide price ranges, suggesting multiple opportunities for reducing consumption through tax adjustments.