Public Insurance and Climate Change (Part One): Past Trends in Weather-Related Insurance in New Zealand
Public Insurance and Climate Change (Part One): Past Trends in Weather-Related Insurance in New Zealand
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公共保险与气候变化（第一部分）：新西兰天气相关保险的过去趋势
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3477038
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Owen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
David A. Fleming;Ilan Noy;J. Pástor;S. Owen
气候变化似乎正在增加极端天气事件的频率和规模，对社区产生负面影响，并对保险（风险转移）机制构成长期可持续性挑战。新西兰的公共自然灾害保险公司，地震委员会（EQC），为因山体滑坡、风暴或洪水造成的土地（在某些情况下包括住宅和物品）损失的房主提供保险。我们全面研究了EQC索赔数据，以调查2000-2017年与天气有关的索赔。我们发现索赔数量或索赔金额尚未出现明显的上升趋势。我们发现，这两个岛屿的北部地区是大多数索赔的来源，只有少数天气事件导致了EQC与天气相关的大部分赔付，提出天气相关索赔的平均财产距离海岸的距离是全国平均水平的两倍，索赔的财产通常被引用在比新西兰典型财产陡峭得多的土地上。我们还探讨了索赔与社会经济特征之间的关系，发现高收入社区似乎是那些从天气事件的EQC覆盖中受益最多的社区。
Climate change appears to be increasing the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, negatively affecting communities as well as posing long-term sustainability challenges to insurance (risk transfer) mechanisms. New Zealand’s public natural hazard insurer, the Earthquake Commission (EQC), covers homeowners for damage to land (and in some cases to dwellings and contents) caused by landslip, storm or flood. We comprehensively explore the EQC claims data to investigate these weather-related claims from 2000-2017. We find no clear upward trend yet emerging in the number of claims or their value. We find that the northern regions of both islands are the source of most claims, that only a handful of weather events caused a large proportion of EQC’s weather-related pay-outs, that the average property lodging a weather-related claim is located twice as close to the coast as the national average, and that properties with claims usually are cited on much steeper land than the typical property in New Zealand. We also explore their relation between claims and socio-economic characteristics, finding that higher income neighbourhoods appear to be those most benefiting from the EQC coverage for weather events.